Supplements

Vitamin mineral probiotic drink; sponsor; promoted as a comprehensive supplement; offers with subscription deals.

Stimulant discussed as increasing dopamine modestly and influencing receptor density; includes yerba mate as a related caffeine source.

Zero-sugar electrolyte drink; sponsorship shout-out with link Drinkelement.com/lex.

Hormone signaling light exposure; endogenous production varies with seasons; supplements are often supra-physiological and require caution, especially during pregnancy.

A crucial vitamin easily corrected; essential for immune function, brain function, and cancer prevention.

A supplement taken by Dr. Patrick at 10 grams per day in the morning.

Important fats (DHA/EPA) for fetal brain development; can be consumed via fatty fish or supplements if dietary intake is low.

An essential branched-chain amino acid not made by the body, critical for muscle protein synthesis. Highest quality protein sources are rich in leucine, like whey protein.

Nutrient pair highlighted as important for hormone and cardiovascular health; included in AG1 offer.

Sleep formula mentioned as the sleep supplement used by the host; part of the AG1 ecosystem.

A mineral essential for over 300 enzymes, including DNA repair, with about half the country not getting enough from their diet.

A neurotransmitter that lactate signals the brain to produce during high-intensity exercise, involved in focus and attention.

An electrolyte drink with sodium, magnesium, and potassium in correct ratios, without sugar, to support hydration.

A stress hormone that shrinks the hippocampus and contributes to abdominal fat; managing baseline levels is recommended.

Mentioned in the context of anti‑doping testing and examples of athletes who were caught.

Listed as a tier two supplement alongside melatonin.

An early-generation antidepressant repurposed as a sleep aid.

The chemical compound that makes spicy food hot, something only humans can be trained to appreciate.

Mentioned as a 'gateway drug' because of the kindling effect, where activating certain brain circuits during development changes how they develop.

A hormone crucial for sexual desire in both men and women, with levels impacted by sleep, exercise, diet, and chronic stress.

A ketone supplement described as a game changer; featured as a sponsor product with an affiliate link.

A skincare ingredient used in Jesse James West's nightly routine.

Discussed in contrast to cocaine; its mechanism for keeping people awake is not classically stimulant-like and differs from cocaine's action.

Psychoactive brew discussed in Brooklyn anecdote and personal experience; described as introspective and transformative.

Collagen (and collagen peptides) discussed as an abundant body protein with potential joint and wound-healing benefits; glycine-rich component.

A metabolic byproduct of intense exercise that acts as an energy source for the brain and other tissues, and also as a signaling molecule that promotes the production of BDNF, norepinephrine, and serotonin.

A mineral that may have a suppressive effect on SHBG levels, helping to liberate free testosterone. Doses of 6-12mg may be effective.

A highly pure, pharmaceutical-grade creatine monohydrate from Germany with GRAS status, known for being third-party tested and having fewer impurities.

Endocrine disruptors found in skincare products like moisturizers and makeup.

One component of omega-3 fatty acids; mentioned as beneficial for brain health and mood.

An herb mentioned in the context of supplementation, though Dr. Bruce recommends addressing basic vitamin/mineral deficiencies before resorting to such supplements.

A plasticizer that has been shown to promote greater fat expansion in the absence of calorie changes.

A hormone often supplemented with estradiol, known to help with sleep.

Drug class discussed as potential brain health modulators; evidence discussed is preliminary.

A protein crucial for neurogenesis, learning, memory, and neuroplasticity, often referred to as a 'youthful elixir' for the brain. Vigorous exercise significantly increases BDNF levels.

All-in-one vitamin/mineral/probiotic drink; sponsor of the show; promotes foundational nutrient coverage.

Illustrative cubic building block for iron’s crystal structure

A primary dopaminergic precursor discussed as a medication/supplement that can raise dopamine levels.

Component of the soaking solution (50% of the mixture).

Used to treat bipolar disorder (Category D), with positive human fetal risk data, but may be used when the benefit to the mother outweighs the risk.

Weakly interacting particles that were initially considered a dark matter candidate but are too light and fast-moving to clump.

An early atomic nucleus formed during the first minutes and seconds after the Big Bang, its abundance matches theoretical predictions.

A dietary amino acid precursor to dopamine mentioned as a purchasable supplement to boost dopamine.

An endocrine disruptor found in plastics like can linings and water containers.

A compound with effects on PTSD, discussed in the context of MDMA-assisted therapy for healing trauma and changing brain responses. Expected to be FDA approved soon.

An SSRI antidepressant, juxtaposed with natural alternatives that are shown to be equally effective.

A chemical commonly found in plastics, used to harden them, known to disrupt hormones, mimic estrogen, and linked to reproductive problems, neurodevelopmental diseases, increased blood pressure, and cardiovascular mortality.

Mentioned as a psycho-stimulant but warned against due to its high addictive potential, especially in contrast to caffeine.

Artificial sweetener mentioned alongside aspartame as having potential issues; discussed in context of sweeteners.

Critical for brain development and thyroid function, concentrations are halved in the breast milk of women who smoke.

A hypothetical light particle that is a candidate for dark matter and interacts weakly with electromagnetic fields.

Baking soda, acts as an acute fatigue buffer by making the body more alkaline; can cause GI distress but can be applied topically as a cream.

The antiparticle of the electron, with the same mass but opposite (positive) charge. Discovered by Carl Anderson.

A precursor to serotonin discussed in the context of dopamine-related modulation; noted as a purchasable supplement.

Mentioned as a candidate drug for extending healthspan, part of the longevity interventions Jamie discusses.

An amino acid that helps buffer fatigue by increasing intracellular carnosine; takes 3-5 weeks to build up and provides benefits for high-intensity muscular endurance.

Mineral grain in granite; used to illustrate distinct crystal grains within a rock

A powerful antioxidant that, when supplemented in high doses, can potentially blunt exercise adaptations, especially when combined with Vitamin C.

A medication for ADHD, described as a 'speed' (amphetamine), but noted for its effectiveness in increasing prefrontal cortex size and improving outcomes for children with ADHD.

Taking testosterone exogenously acts as male birth control by signaling the brain to stop producing natural testosterone and sperm, potentially causing irreversible aspermia.

A stress hormone that floods the body in bad relationships, linked to physiological arousal during conflict.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; metabolic cofactor mentioned in the context of alcohol metabolism and longevity.

Mentioned as a potential aid for trauma, but the speaker advises getting off them as soon as possible after the trauma has passed.

A substance that releases dopamine in the reward pathway by working on the endogenous opioid and Gaba systems, capable of being very addictive because it provides a large, immediate dopamine hit.

Recreational drug, mentioned in the context of potential rescheduling and comparison to other nations' policies.

Used judiciously for immune support, especially during travel or high stress; high doses (e.g., 1g) can help prevent respiratory infections without significantly blunting long-term adaptations if timed correctly.

A highly potent drug that causes strong dopamine release, shown to induce a rapid 'running frenzy' in rats, and a single re-exposure can lead to immediate relapse even after long abstinence.

A class of drugs (Category C) for which the host lacks sufficient data to advise on pregnancy use but outlines the nuanced thinking required, considering if it prevents gestational diabetes, for which metformin is typically first-line.

A beneficial molecule secreted by endothelial cells in response to shear stress, causing vasodilation and improving blood flow.

Artificial sweetener mentioned as something to watch for; associated with health concerns in some discussions.

Light particles that don't feel electric charge and move close to the speed of light; known neutrinos are too 'hot' to be dark matter, but heavier versions are possible candidates.

The previously most common explosive, compared to nitroglycerin for its lower blast pressure and slower reaction speed.

Considered more beneficial and of finer quality than basic green tea, thus likely to offer greater health benefits, though more evidence is needed.

One of the vegetables included in the 'super veggie' mix.

Jesse James West's go-to evening snack, which he is obsessed with.

A stimulant product Trevor uses to get energy for his shows.

Distinguished from 'narcotics' to emphasize their medical use in managing pain and shortness of breath at the end of life, despite cultural biases related to addiction.

An opioid medication commonly used for pain and symptom management at the end of life, with clarification provided to patients about its safe and non-euthanizing use.

Drugs discussed for their muscle-building effects, but also noted for their significant side effect profile.

A sedative sometimes used by people to aid sleep during air travel, mentioned in the context of self-medication for flight anxiety.

Another psychedelic that has been explored for opioid use disorder, though studies have been less promising compared to psilocybin.

A more potent androgen converted from testosterone by 5-alpha reductase, crucial for masculinizing external genitalia and prostate development.

A medication that acts as an LH analog, used to trigger the final maturation of eggs just before egg retrieval in IVF or to time insemination in IUI.

A specific gut bacteria found to be vital for patients receiving checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy to respond to treatment. Can be grown via certain foods or taken as a probiotic.

An anti-inflammatory drug that can help promote sleep by reducing discomfort and associated awakenings.

A common over-the-counter supplement some believe improves egg quality, though data supporting its efficacy for fertility is not robust.

A supplement with good data showing it can help people fall and stay asleep, possibly through inhibitory effects.

A top-ranked supplement, not magical but an economic way to meet daily protein goals (1-1.2g per pound of body weight for active individuals).

A polyphenol that, when combined with NR in a clinical trial for peripheral artery disease, not only offered no benefit but blocked some of NR's positive effects.

Velvet bean; a natural source of L-DOPA discussed as a dopamine-boosting supplement.

An ingredient mentioned as a 'tier three' supplement with inconsistent data and uncertain mechanisms for lean mass increase.

An herbal supplement mentioned as being largely disproven for its testosterone-boosting claims.

A class of drugs that preserve the skeleton by reducing bone resorption. Creatine shows some similar anti-resorptive effects but is not a replacement.

A hormone used in testing to determine if low testosterone is due to a problem with the testes (primary hypogonadism) or the brain's signaling (secondary hypogonadism).

An old drug being repurposed and injected into malar mounds to shrink swelling by creating fibrous attachments due to its property of promoting adhesion.

A critical metal predicted to go "absolutely parabolic" due to global demand-supply dynamics, its usefulness in data centers, chips, and weapon systems.

A type of lipoprotein involved in transporting cholesterol; small dense LDL particles are less efficiently recycled when bound to LPS, contributing to atherosclerosis.

A plant-based protein whose capacity to stimulate muscle protein synthesis has been assessed in research.

An endogenous opioid that acts as a counter-balance to endorphins, potentially involved in thermoregulation and stress response.

A supplement mentioned as potentially having a small beneficial effect on training variables, with one host jokingly taking a 'shot' at it.

A hormone produced in great quantities by fathers, identified as the 'protective aggressive hormone' that helps fathers protect their family.

Mentioned as a potential factor affecting intestinal permeability, though the speaker was unaware of specific literature on the topic.

A well-known biologic drug where biosimilar competition has been slow to reduce prices.

A compound that some people find helps with sleep, though its effects vary individually, with some experiencing negative outcomes.

Daily vitamin/mineral/probiotic drink; sponsor; David has used it daily since 2012.

An adaptogen that helps the body adapt to stress and stabilize cortisol levels.

A class of antidepressant medications, critically discussed for their prevalence of prescription in the USA and their method of suppressing symptoms rather than healing deeper causes.

An early atomic nucleus formed during the first minutes and seconds after the Big Bang.

A raw material the body needs to manufacture hormones; supplementing can help balance hormone levels, especially testosterone.

A glycolytic inhibitor with strong anti-seizure effects, currently advocated and used clinically in some studies as a 'ketogenic diet in a drug,' but has cardiotoxic effects at higher doses.

Neurotransmitter/supplement recommended for anxiety.

A vaccine that was taken off the market in 1999 due to safety concerns.

A common pharmacological treatment for insomnia, noted for its strong dependency, rebound insomnia, and side effects like memory issues and eating without recollection.

A primary stress hormone that wants blood glucose levels to climb, contributing to fast insulin resistance when elevated.

A supplement brand praised by the interviewee's team for rigorous testing, science-backed ingredients, and NSF certification.

Byproducts of mitochondrial dysfunction that can cause cellular damage and are increased when mitophagy is inhibited.

A gene therapy involving two injections to express the protein Follistatin, which suppresses Myostatin, leading to increased muscle mass and other systemic effects.

An amino acid that can become neurotransmitters like dopamine, correlating with mood and mental health.

Widely studied supplement discussed as a potent aid for strength and hypertrophy; typical dosing around 5 g/day.

A psychedelic compound that Dorian Yates explored, providing him with a 'different perspective on life' including insights into the interconnectedness of all things.

A previously recommended option for sleep issues, considered the 'least worst' sedative for sleep architecture preservation.

The primary psychoactive compound in cannabis, discussed for its health benefits and potential drawbacks depending on individual systems.

A precious metal found in electronics and technology, highlighted for its conductivity and role in modern devices.

Test of English as a Foreign Language, mentioned as one of the English proficiency requirements for university admissions that can be a challenge for refugees.

Igneous rock composed of distinct mineral grains (quartz, feldspar, mica) that crystallize separately

A peptide that may help stimulate growth hormone.

Dietary supplements that may improve gut microbiome composition, gut barrier integrity, and reduce inflammation, potentially aiding in treating alcohol use disorders or related conditions.

Substances that may improve gut microbiome composition, gut barrier integrity, and reduce inflammation, potentially aiding in treating alcohol use disorders or related conditions.

A nutrient-dense dark green leafy vegetable high in Magnesium and Vitamin K, recommended for consumption.

A precursor to glutathione, suggested to help mitigate alcohol's effects by boosting glutathione and potentially reacting with acetaldehyde. Human studies show mixed results, with some benefits noted for women in reducing specific hangover symptoms.

The more abundant isotope of uranium, which does not readily undergo fission but can be converted into plutonium.

A component of the prescription medication Nexloette used for lipid management.

A naturally occurring radioactive element discussed as a potential clean, safe, and abundant nuclear energy fuel, capable of being converted into Uranium-233 for reactors.

A potent drug mentioned to significantly increase dopamine release (1000% compared to sex's 100%), leading to severe addiction.

A histidine-containing dipeptide structurally similar to carnosine, being researched for its potential buffering effects in combination with carnosine.

An intracellular buffer in muscles, increased by beta-alanine supplementation, and part of a new potential buffering combination with anserine.

A substance that, like other potent drugs, significantly decreases dopamine transmission in the brain's reward pathway in addicted individuals, even after two weeks of abstinence.

Over-the-counter supplement studied for effects on testosterone and libido; includes studies with 750 mg/day for 120 days (in post-menopausal women showing increased free testosterone, not total) and a separate 6 g/day for 60 days showing improved libido.

Mentioned as substances potentially used by competitive athletes, including for music auditions.

A phytochemical that can increase heat shock proteins, similar to exercise and heat exposure.

Mentioned in the context of microdosing for potential advantages in mental performance.

Substances used in applying thin films, one molecule thick, to metal or glass plates.

A cryptocurrency that friends of the host invested in and lost their money, used as an example of the risks of high-risk 'meme coin' investments.

An ingredient in AGZ that helps improve sleep.

A form of estrogen, available as a capsule (often with progesterone) or vaginal cream/insert. Vaginal estrogen cream may also improve skin elasticity and collagen.

An off-patent drug that Bret Weinstein claims was suppressed but was actually highly effective in treating COVID-19 if administered early, in sufficient doses, and with fat.

A chemotherapy drug developed by Bristol Myers Squibb, part of their historical oncology portfolio.

An off-patent drug that Bret Weinstein claims was suppressed but was actually highly effective in treating COVID-19 if administered early, in sufficient quantities.

The third discovered flavor of neutrino, which was discovered at Fermilab in 2000.

An antibody drug developed by Genentech that targets the HER2 protein, significantly improving survival for HER2-positive breast cancer patients.

An inhibitory neurotransmitter supplement that can help stabilize racing thoughts and calm the mind for those struggling to fall asleep.

An antibody drug used to lower cholesterol, highlighting the precision and fewer side effects compared to small molecule drugs like statins.

Recommended to take with Vitamin D to aid in its absorption for stronger bones.

Plant-based caffeinated beverage; discussed for its modest dopaminergic effects and receptor upregulation properties.

An amino acid that plays a role in quieting the mind, formed from homocysteine during methylation.

A regenerative and anti-inflammatory peptide available over-the-counter, mentioned as an example of therapeutic peptides outside of pharmaceutical control.

Protein discussed as an example of spreading on water surface

A muscle relaxant, considered one of the safest to use and not habit-forming, often used for acute muscle kinks or spasms, and can be delivered intrathecally for intractable spasticity.

A chemical found in some toothpastes (also mineral name for calcium phosphate) that can help plug micro-fissures from tooth decay. Originally developed by NASA.

A supplement taken to support liver health, particularly when consuming substances that might impact liver enzymes.

Protein used to illustrate distinct film patterns in surface experiments

A blood flow enhancer that works as a nitric oxide booster, causing noticeable stimulant-like effects and physical pump.

An amino acid that can become neurotransmitters like dopamine, correlating with mood and mental health.

Neurochemicals (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) released during focused attention, increasing alertness and focus, and facilitating neuroplasticity.

A form of magnesium that is not bioavailable and should be avoided for supplementation.

The main active ingredient in marijuana, frequent use of which is linked to lower adult IQ values, especially when started at a young age.

A medication that stops testosterone production, used in women with PCOS to alleviate androgen symptoms like acne and facial hair.

A form of magnesium developed to more readily cross the blood-brain barrier, showing promise for improving cognition in small human studies, but should be combined with other forms for systemic benefits.

A high-fat, high-protein food recommended for ketogenic diet, mentioned multiple times.

A food with a 'beautiful marketing team' that, despite being considered fatty, can be overeaten and contains too many carbs for strict ketogenic purposes if not mindful of total carb count.

Mentioned as a 100% fat food that can be consumed for a day to drastically increase fat intake and induce ketosis when a patient is struggling.

Herbal root studied for increasing subjective sexual desire; dosages around 2–3 grams per day with 8–12 weeks of use.

Mentioned as one of the foods that darkens teeth, which the speaker then combats by seeking whiter teeth.

The primary ketone produced during ketosis or fasting, which competes with uric acid in the kidneys.

A fermented food option added to the super veggie breakfast.

Mildly stimulating drink consumed by Tim Ferriss in the morning, with cacao butter, while segueing into ketosis.

A substance cited as an example of an addiction that provides both pleasure and numbs pain by shutting off negative emotional processing.

An old dye, not monetized, that serves as a powerful brain energizer by facilitating mitochondrial fuel movement; it literally dyes the brain blue upon consumption, indicating it targets brain cells effectively. Used to treat malaria; taken for brain supercharge.

A green powder supplement with 91 vitamins and minerals, adaptogens, and probiotics, available in the UK.

A stabilized NAD+ compound currently in clinical trials for potential therapeutic effects, possibly in combination with new ketone molecules.

The active ingredient in Roundup, a highly effective herbicide that targets the shikimate pathway unique to plants. It was marketed as safe for humans and pets.

An essential mineral mentioned as one of the low-hanging fruits for micronutrient optimization that can have a marked impact on testosterone production or response.

Not explicitly mentioned; the discussion is broader regarding supplements and health interventions.

A highly toxic byproduct formed during the production of 2,4,5-T at high temperatures, causing severe skin conditions and other health issues.

A benzodiazepine (Web 1.0 sleep medication) not considered great for sleep, as it primarily sedates rather than induces naturalistic sleep.

A benzodiazepine (Web 1.0 sleep medication) that sedates the brain rather than promoting natural, restorative sleep.

A common form of calcium found in supplements. It has decent oral bioavailability, though slightly less than chelated forms.

Another prostaglandin inhibitor, shown to have modest protective effects against autism-like symptoms in animal studies and a 13% relative risk reduction in the Swedish cohort study, which argues against acetaminophen's causal link.

A Web 2.0 sleep medication that sedates the cortex by tickling GABA receptors, often mistaken for sleep but not naturalistic; shown to decrease fluid cleansing in the brain.

A Web 2.0 sleep medication that sedates the brain by interacting with GABA receptors, similar to Ambien.

Debated as a potential health concern, with Dr. Lyon referencing Dr. Kevin Mackey's view that evidence does not support widespread negative claims.

A seizure medication (Category D) with positive human fetal risk data, but may be used when the benefit to the mother outweighs the risk due to debilitating seizures.

A drug (Category X) that women should simply not take during pregnancy due to definitive evidence of significant fetal harm.

A medication (Category C) that 'can't be ruled out' for risk during pregnancy, but benefits for the mother may justify its use.

An inorganic element debated between U.S. and European public health authorities regarding its essentiality as a mineral.

A combination supplement (Zinc, Magnesium, and another ingredient) historically known as a testosterone booster, highlighting the effectiveness of zinc and magnesium.

An older nitric oxide precursor that has fallen out of favor due to bioavailability issues and potential side effects like cold sores; used for blood pressure.

A chemical in the body that helps clean up metabolic waste generated by too much exercise; its production is a rate-limiting step.

An amino acid mentioned as a 'longevity vitamin' and for mitochondrial health, but not primarily used for direct performance enhancement by Dr. Galpin's team.

A class of drugs developed from Helen Hobbs' discovery that degrade LDL receptors, effectively lowering ApoB and LDL cholesterol with virtually no side effects, but are currently expensive.

A prodrug that inhibits cholesterol synthesis specifically in the liver, leading to lower ApoB and LDL cholesterol without the side effects of statins, but it is currently expensive.

An example of an element whose atoms are the simple building blocks of matter.

Mentioned as a contrast to extra virgin olive oil, suggesting it lacks the beneficial minor components found in olive oil.

A brand of energy drink that provides caffeine, consumed by Trevor.

A class of drugs with observed amazing results in literature, but with unknown long-term effects.

A cholesterol-lowering drug that is well-studied and well-tolerated, suggested as a starting point for cardiovascular risk management.

A local anesthetic used to numb the scalp during awake brain surgeries.

A short-acting anesthetic used for light sedation, referred to as a 'party dose' during the initial stages of awake brain surgery.

An isotope of uranium identified as a key material capable of sustaining a nuclear fission chain reaction for atomic bombs.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that can blunt exercise adaptations and should not be used routinely to get through training; acceptable for acute, severe pain.

Promoted for reducing delayed onset muscle soreness and improving sleep, likely due to high polyphenol content and melatonin. More popular in bodybuilding communities.

An example of an element whose atoms are the simple building blocks of matter.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, also known as 'forever chemicals', resistant to degradation, accumulate in the body, and are associated with immune suppression, thyroid dysfunction, and increased cancer risk.

A heavy metal found in increased concentrations in breast milk, especially in smokers' milk, which impairs nutrient metabolism and is a carcinogen.

An artificial sweetener, known as the 'little pink packet', which has a poor track record for impairing glucose control and causing weight gain, and is almost commercially extinct.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, a class of antidepressant drugs, linked to a 75% increased risk of dementia in a meta-analysis of five studies.

A plant containing nicotine, but also numerous other compounds that cause significant health risks like cancer and cardiovascular disease.

A fungus-based protein source with solid characteristics for protein quality, often used in vegan diets.

A class of psychoactive drugs like Valium, Xanax, and Ativan, which make the brain look older and are associated with an increased risk of dementia.

New class of drugs expected to be covered by Medicare, representing a major healthcare advance.

A mineral essential for bone health. Adequate calcium intake, coupled with weight-bearing exercise and sleep, is crucial for maintaining bone density. Additional calcium supplementation is suggested as potentially beneficial for women.

A plant-based protein source that is considered complete and can meet protein requirements.

A popular supplement purported to increase the oxidation of fatty acids, though the data supporting this effect is not robust.

The speaker questions the regular necessity of taking vitamins, suggesting it might just be expensive urine.

Used as an alternative to penicillin in some parts of the world due to its antibiotic and antiseptic properties. Raw garlic is a powerful prebiotic, aiding gut flora. Can perform a 'garlic intensive' for low-level infections.

A drug that blocks glucose absorption, identified by the ITP as targeting glucose metabolism and extending lifespan.

Mentioned as a classical psychedelic acting on the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor.

A standard, widely available multivitamin used in studies that demonstrated an improvement in cognitive function and reduced brain aging.

A robust molecule that extended lifespan and restored metabolism in mice, even in a calorie-challenged context. Optimistic about its potential.

A component in beetroots and erogenic aid that converts to nitric oxide in the body, which aids vasodilation.

Two-key scheme (public/private keys) used for signing tokens that prove identity without revealing the private key.

Lysergic acid diethylamide; discussed as part of psychedelic history and MKUltra-era discourse.

Fictional drug in Brave New World discussed as a tool for social control and happiness; later referenced as a real-world drug with sedative effects in the conversation.

One of the three known flavors of neutrinos, paired with the electron.

One of the three known flavors of neutrinos, paired with the muon.

A modern form of estrogen delivery for HRT that avoids the increased blood viscosity found with oral forms, thus not increasing cardiovascular risk.

A sugar alcohol used as a sugar substitute that can have the same metabolic effect as sugar, rapidly elevating glucose.

A white starchy powder used as a food additive and sugar substitute, known to cause rapid increases in glucose levels despite 'zero sugar' labels.

The molecule studied by MIT in the 1960s and later by DARPA, capable of being consumed to rapidly elevate ketone bodies in circulation within minutes.

An herb used to improve liver functions, mentioned in a case study for managing the symptoms of panic attacks linked to liver issues.

An oriental herb used to improve liver functions and metabolism.

Used to improve liver functions and metabolism, specifically for fat liver-related problems and reducing cholesterol levels. Often used as a pressed juice.

An Indian remedy referred to as 'sugar destroyer' that reduces sugar cravings and helps improve liver functions.

A warming remedy, excellent for colds, flu, and respiratory problems. It stimulates pain fibers, opens blood vessels, and helps loosen mucus. Can be used in teas with cinnamon.

A warming remedy that complements ginger, especially for colds, flu, headaches, menstrual cramps, and joint pain. Stimulates circulation.

Mentioned alongside ginger, turmeric, and chilies as a warming spice that stimulates pain fibers.

A warming remedy, similar to ginger, that stimulates pain fibers and increases blood flow without causing actual burning.

A warming remedy, can be used as a tea. Also described as a strong extraction available only to practitioners for potent medicinal use.

A warming, sustaining, and nourishing spice, useful for supporting digestion, especially when recovering from illness. A personal favorite of Simon Mills.

A bitter herb that stimulates appetite and digestion, helpful for people recovering from illness or with poor appetite. Also beneficial for cholesterol by flushing bile.

A bitter herb similar to dandelion, used to stimulate appetite and digestion.

Used as a plaster for joint pain and inflammation, or in a warm bath for arthritic fingers, to bring blood to the area and ease discomfort. Traditionally used in Europe.

A North American plant with high mucilage content, used to form a protective mucus layer in the stomach to prevent acid reflux (raft principle).

A mucilage-rich plant used to help prevent acid reflux by creating a protective barrier.

A micronutrient highly concentrated in dark leafy greens, essential for blood coagulation and subject to triage theory. A deficiency can impact critical long-term bodily functions.

A carotenoid bioactive found in tomatoes; in lab studies, it cuts off blood supply to tumors (anti-angiogenesis) and in population studies, it's linked to lower prostate cancer risk.

A polyphenol found in coffee beans that is anti-inflammatory and activates brown fat to burn harmful visceral fat.

A probiotic bacteria that lowers inflammation, builds immunity, text messages the brain to release oxytocin, and (in chewable form) kills bacteria causing cavities and gum disease.

Another form of creatine bound to a hydrochloric acid molecule, which is more absorbable than monohydrate, allowing for lower dosages and potentially less gut discomfort (bloating).

Used as part of a protocol to improve metabolic balance and support brain health, specifically noting high omega-3s and low omega-6s intake.

Used once a day on a full stomach with a doctor's permission to reduce systemic inflammation as part of a depression management protocol.

Discussed in relation to their known increased likelihood of major depressive episodes in young women, especially progesterone-only pills.

A medication that can elevate inflammation, increase autoimmune disease risk (especially Crohn's), reduce hormonal flexibility, and lower free testosterone in women.

B vitamins in a methylated form, often supplemented to correct methylation issues and elevated homocysteine levels, crucial for heart health.

A supplement containing Ashwagandha and phosphatidylserine, shown to effectively lower high cortisol levels.

An extreme medicine MrBeast takes for Crohn's disease, which suppresses his immune system to stop his GI tract from attacking itself.

Medications that were once popular for anxiety but are now known to make the brain look older and are highly addictive.

May improve power output during exercise.

A spice scientifically shown to be as effective as SSRIs for mild to moderate depression, with the added benefit of enhancing sexual function and memory.

ADHD medication (methylphenidate), used by Dr. Amen for his daughter and a 14-year-old patient, leading to significant improvements in school performance and social interaction.

A form of ketone supplement, less effective and can lead to plaque on teeth or kidney stones due to high mineral content.

A more effective type of ketone supplement, often available in shots, that increases ketone levels.

A highly effective ketone supplement that significantly increases blood ketone levels, aiding cognitive and athletic performance.

A sugar alcohol sweetener that generally has a good insulin profile.

A natural sweetener that is inert when it comes to insulin and has no effect.

A rare sugar sweetener that is inert when it comes to insulin and has no effect.

A sugar alcohol sweetener that generally has a good insulin profile.

A sugar alcohol that can have an insulin effect and cause digestive distress if consumed in large amounts, often found in artificially sweetened chocolate.

A chemical found in some foods with a structure similar to estrogen, shown to bind to estrogen receptors and reduce menopause symptoms for many people.

Recommended to prevent or alleviate keto flu symptoms during the transition to a ketogenic diet by maintaining salt balance.

Crucial for oxygen carrying capacity, often low in active women, leading to fatigue. Recommended to supplement every other day with high bioavailability forms like carbonyl or glycinate, preferably before training or at night.

Vaginal inserts made of cocoa butter, CBD, and other botanicals that melt to create a velvety, luscious feeling inside the vagina, enhancing arousal.

An arousal oil applied to the vulva, mons, labia, clitoral shaft, and tip to enhance sensitivity and "awaken" the Yoni.

An oil for breast and nipple pleasure, designed to enhance sensation and facilitate nipple orgasms.

Used in an 'armpit detox' paste with apple cider vinegar to help remove embedded particles from sweat ducts.

Another type of protein powder that is an excellent and convenient way to get protein.

A pre-workout product containing 550mg of caffeine per serving, highlighted as an example of extremely high stimulant doses.

A type of steroid that can radically escalate libido but may also cause erectile dysfunction in some users.

An ingredient used in some vitamin C serums to stabilize vitamin C and maintain its bioavailability.

Products that may be needed before sunscreen for individuals with clogged pores or oilier skin.

A pharmacologic drug category available to support bone density, used in cases of frank osteoporosis (T-score of -2.5) after lifestyle interventions.

A pharmacologic drug category available to support bone density, used in cases of frank osteoporosis (T-score of -2.5) after lifestyle interventions.

The gold standard retinoid, available by prescription, effective for boosting collagen and normalizing skin function, especially for individuals in their mid-40s and up.

A spice with capsaicin that has been shown to speed up metabolism due to its heat-producing properties.

Organic minerals derived from sources like volcanic ash, rich in essential minerals often depleted in conventionally farmed soils.

Hormone released during Wim Hof's bacterial toxin injection and activated during breathing techniques, helping to fight off bacteria and deal with stress.

An anti-inflammatory protein released during Wim Hof's bacterial toxin injection, aiding in fighting off the infection.

Hormones chemically identical to those naturally produced by the body, typically used in modern HRT as a safer alternative to synthetic hormones.

A juice from the Pacific Islands, rich in vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients, consumed by Dr. Mosconi for digestion, gut health, and brain health.

Consumed by Dr. Mosconi as a concentrated source of nutrients, often mixed with Noni juice.

A new generation of hormonal option, Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator, developed by Dr. Roberta D. Brinton. It targets the brain without affecting breast and reproductive tissues, aiming to improve brain function while potentially reducing cancer risk.

A medication used for ovulation induction in PCOS, which tells the brain to send out a stronger signal of FSH to stimulate egg growth.

A fat-soluble vitamin that can be harmful in high doses, often found in unregulated supplements at 5-10x the labeled amount.

Mentioned in an example of a problematic claim by Gary Brecka, where he suggests headaches are caused by its deficiency.

Cited as a common drug leading to high rates of hospitalization due to liver failure, yet not emotionally triggering public outcry like birth control.

Referred to as the 'sunshine vitamin,' it's produced by the body from sunlight and cholesterol. Deficiency is common and linked to immune issues, osteopenia, and rheumatoid arthritis-like symptoms.

A specific form of B12, often deficient, that helps downregulate catecholamines and is crucial for proper methylation and mood regulation.

The usable form of folate, essential for methylation, downregulating homocysteine, and preventing neural tube defects.

An essential fatty acid supplement recommended as part of a morning routine.

Recommended as the best salt to add to water due to its 91 trace minerals and testing for microplastics and glyphosate. Used for remineralizing water.

A great salt option for remineralizing water, containing trace minerals, preferable to pink Himalayan sea salt which may contain heavy metals from China.

A supplement recommended by Function for supporting glutathione production and detoxification, specifically to help reduce mercury levels.

The native token of the Polygon blockchain, analogous to Ether, used for gas fees on the testnet.

A leading theoretical candidate for dark matter, characterized by their weak interaction and significant mass.

A preservative found in the Mexican Pizza and Cheesy Gordita Crunch. It can exacerbate behavioral disorders, irritability, and ADHD in children.

An artificial flavor found in several Taco Bell products. It is listed alongside disodium inosinate and guanylate as artificial flavors.

An artificial flavor found in several Taco Bell products, often used with MSG and disodium guanylate.

A preservative in the spicy ranch sauce of the Cheesy Gordita Crunch that can exacerbate hyperactivity in children, as shown in a study.

A preservative in the jalapeno sauce for the Chicken Quesadilla, which potentially has mutagenic and genotoxic properties in human immune cells.

A multistrain probiotic is used by Dr. Hagstrom for her GI system, though acknowledged as debatable.

A peptide the speaker consumed for surgical recovery, referencing past use.

A supplement the speaker is considering removing from his regimen due to split evidence.

A compound found in broccoli sprouts that is a powerful activator of the NRF2 pathway, promoting glutathione production and detoxification.

Genentech's first drug, a recombinant form of growth hormone, which solved the problem of using cadaver-derived hormones with disease risks.

A drug made by Amgen to increase red blood cells.

A small molecule drug used to lower cholesterol, described as 'dirty' due to its various off-target effects and side effects.

Powerful pain medications, acknowledged to have been overprescribed and abused, but also indispensable tools in pain management, especially in hospital settings and for end-of-life care.

An antibiotic that affects NMDA receptors and acts as a catalyst for neuroplasticity, used to potentially enhance accelerated TMS treatments.

A commonly recommended supplement for cardiovascular health, especially for those on statins or Metformin, though high doses in animal models showed kidney toxicity.

A brand of ketones used by Dr. D'Agostino, developed from research on cancer, neurodegeneration, and seizures.

A chemical used as a replacement for BPA, also known to disrupt hormonal activity and potentially cause adverse health effects on fetal development, brain health, and cardiovascular function.

A type of microplastic found in packaging and containers, detected in human semen samples and linked to abnormal sperm shape and impaired motility.

A precursor to sulforaphane, a compound found in cruciferous vegetables that may aid in detoxification.

Nicotine produced artificially, as opposed to being derived from tobacco. It is discussed as a way to avoid tobacco-derived risks.

Excellent mushrooms found in the mountains of central Yunnan.

A critical 'don't die kit' item recommended for immediate use in suspected opioid overdose, particularly fentanyl. Readily available and low-risk, it can save lives while waiting for emergency services.

A drug used in animal studies to inhibit DUSP6, elevating ERK pathway activity, which in turn helped prolong the therapeutic window of ketamine and reinforce neural connections.

A ketone salt product containing a blend of sodium, calcium, magnesium, and potassium beta-hydroxybutyrate, designed to replenish electrolytes and provide exogenous ketones.

A hexokinase inhibitor, used to target glucose in cancer cells as part of a metabolic therapy framework.

A class of drugs used to lower glucose levels, part of the strategy to target glucose in cancer metabolic therapy.

A drug used to target glutamine in cancer cells, binding it up and aiding in its excretion.

An HDAC inhibitor that binds glutamine, aiding in its excretion, used in cancer metabolic therapy.

A compound with glutamine-inhibiting properties, considered for cancer metabolic therapy.

A compound with glutamine-inhibiting properties, considered for cancer metabolic therapy.

A type of inositol that acts as an insulin sensitizer and a weak anti-androgen, often used to help manage PCOS symptoms.

A related compound to myo-inositol, functioning as a weak anti-androgen, often found in combination supplements for PCOS.

A peptide that stimulates melanin production, used for tanning and also approved for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (PT-141) and other conditions.

Also known as Bremelanotide, this peptide is used primarily to treat hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women and can also benefit men.

A medication in development designed to remove toxic Tau protein from the brains of contact sports players.

A new medication proven to slow Alzheimer's disease.

A new medication proven to slow Alzheimer's disease.

A Korean skincare ingredient that Jesse James West used to use.

Added to water in the morning for hydration.

A supplement containing lutein and other ingredients, clinically proven to slow vision loss in moderate age-related macular degeneration.

A hormone produced by testes, critical for causing the degeneration of the Müllerian ducts in male fetuses.

A metal with a very high melting point (3,400° C) considered for turbine blades but discarded due to its density and brittleness.

A metal tested as an alternative for turbine blades, noted for being lighter than steel but still failing at high temperatures.

The primary material used for modern jet engine turbine blades, offering high temperature resistance and strength due to its micro structure.

A rare element added to nickel superalloys that has a very high melting point and slows atomic rearrangements, enhancing deformation resistance.

A fiber supplement providing soluble and insoluble fiber, recommended if whole food fiber intake is difficult.

Considered a tier two supplement with some evidence of small benefits for joint health.

A natural sweetener mentioned as an alternative to sucralose.

A supplement placed in tier three, with limited benefits mainly for specific populations.

A type of mushroom mentioned for its potential health benefits.

A mushroom noted for its potential to support neurogenesis and plasticity, often discussed for cognitive benefits.

A mushroom with beta-glucans studied for its anti-carcinogenic and anti-inflammatory properties.

5-Hydroxytryptophan, a precursor to serotonin, used for supplementation after psychedelic journeys.

S-Adenosylmethionine, a methyl donor used for preparation and recovery from psychedelic experiences.

A plant that contains L-DOPA, used for supplementing neurotransmitters after psychedelic experiences.

A high-quality protein source with a good amino acid composition and rapid digestion/absorption.

A plant-based protein whose capacity to stimulate muscle protein synthesis has been assessed in research.

An inactive prohormone produced by the thyroid gland, containing four iodine atoms. It has a long half-life of about 8 days and is a precursor to T3.

The active form of thyroid hormone, created by removing one iodine atom from T4. It binds to thyroid receptors with high affinity and has a short half-life of about 12 hours.

An inactive form of T3, produced when iodine is removed from the inner ring of T4. It has minimal activity at the receptor and a very short half-life.

A synthetic T4 hormone, widely used as the standard of care for hypothyroidism. It has a long half-life and is taken once a day.

A synthetic T3 hormone, approved by the FDA but rarely used as monotherapy due to its short half-life and potential for rapid energy bursts.

A natural thyroid hormone replacement derived from dried pig thyroid glands, containing both T4 and T3. It has been used for over a century and is subject to FDA recalls.

A steroid used to reduce TPO antibody levels in certain infertility cases, where positive TPO antibodies might be implicated despite normal thyroid function.

A pre-workout stimulant mentioned by Tim as a later iteration of similar compounds he used in high school wrestling to strip body fat, highlighting the risks of stimulant use.

Mentioned as a substance some people use to increase dopamine, leveraging the link between dopamine increase and focused visual attention.

A common example of a prebiotic fiber, which is soluble and fermentable, broken down by gut bacteria to produce short-chain fatty acids.

A type of insoluble fiber that resists digestion, subdivided into five types (RS1-RS5). Common types include RS1 (physically inaccessible in whole grains, seeds, legumes), RS2 (naturally resistant granules in raw potato starch, unripe bananas), and RS3 (retrograde starches formed by cooking and cooling starchy foods).

An insoluble fiber that is a structural component of plant cell walls, found in all plant-based foods, typically in higher quantities in vegetables and fruit peels/skins.

Recommended for preventing fevers after significant brain trauma, as fever can worsen injury by increasing metabolic demand.

Shown to increase C2 acetate uptake in the brain, associated with improved cognitive function, particularly in early Alzheimer's disease by overcoming energetic deficits.

A critical supplement due to its importance as a head group for fats in brain membranes. Studies show it improves cognitive function in older adults and after traumatic brain injury.

Core nutrients essential for methylation processes, which are critical for DHA function in brain membranes and regulating homocysteine levels, impacting dementia risk.

Antioxidant compounds found in berries, coffee, tea, and roasted nuts/seeds, which have acute and long-term benefits for cognitive function.

A class of drugs that help improve sleep quality and quantity, with studies showing potential benefits for amyloid clearance in the brain, particularly for individuals with insomnia or sleep apnea.

An essential vitamin for nerve function and brain health; alcohol consumption can lead to deficiency by impairing absorption and inhibiting its utilization, contributing to brain damage and potentially iron toxicity.

Medications like ibuprofen that are not advisable for preventing or treating hangovers, as they may slow alcohol metabolism and potentially worsen symptoms. Should be avoided with alcohol.

A supplement intended to boost glutathione levels, potentially helping mitigate alcohol's damaging effects and aid liver detoxification. While theoretically supported, human clinical evidence is sparse and largely speculative.

A supplement used as an anti-hangover remedy, proposed to counteract alcohol's effects on Gaba receptors in the brain. Rodent studies suggest it reduces intoxication and withdrawal signs, and voluntary alcohol consumption, but strong human evidence is lacking.

A veterinary sedative increasingly mixed with illicit drugs, causing severe health issues like ulcers.

An intravaginal metabolite that can ultimately influence the testosterone-estrogen pathway, used for vaginal pain.

A peptide similar to Vyleesi, which works through the melanocortin pathway and is associated with increased sexual desire and tanning effects.

Shown to have a massive negative impact on the gut microbiome and can contribute to metabolic syndrome. Avoidance is recommended.

Compounds in processed foods that disrupt the mucous layer of the gut, potentially leading to inflammation and metabolic syndrome.

An explosive used in blasting caps, a more consistent detonator than gunpowder for nitroglycerin.

A fine silica powder derived from fossilized diatoms, which Nobel discovered could absorb nitroglycerin, making it stable and leading to the invention of dynamite.

Also known as nitrocellulose, this explosive was explored by Nobel as a more stable alternative to nitroglycerin and eventually mixed to create Gelignite and Ballistite.

A more stable explosive derived from cellulose, mixed with nitroglycerin to create Gelignite and Ballistite, significantly improving safety and performance.

Often needed to drop blood pressure if lifestyle modifications are not sufficient for hypertension.

Discussed as a supercritical fluid important for electrolysis, hydrolysis, and oxidation, particularly when avoiding 'wetness' or needing gas-like flow.

Mentioned as seeing a lot of use in industrial applications, similar to supercritical carbon dioxide.

A medication with a long half-life that can help activate dopamine, keeping individuals awake and alert. It's mentioned as a potentially helpful intervention for jet lag, particularly for extended alertness needs.

The heaviest known fundamental particles, which appear as virtual particles during proton collisions at the LHC, facilitating the production of the Higgs boson.

Unstable elementary particles similar to electrons but about 200 times heavier, used in the g-2 experiment to probe fundamental physics.

A class of drugs that stimulate GLP-1, a gut hormone that makes people feel full, currently popular for weight loss but with potential side effects and unknown long-term risks.

An estrogen blocker used for breast cancer treatment, poorly tolerated by most women from a cognitive perspective.

A medication for cholesterol management that Tim Ferriss uses.

A medication for cholesterol management that Tim Ferriss has been taking, potentially redundant with Rapatha.

The active form of ketone measured by devices like Keto Mojo; L-BHB takes longer to metabolize and is not picked up by some devices.

The L-enantiomer of BHB, which takes about four to five times longer to metabolize than D-BHB, remains in circulation longer, and serves functions impacting cardiac output and vascular resistance in the brain and heart.

A type of exogenous ketone where 1,3-butanediol is bound to BHB; can cause rapid ketone spikes, subsequent insulin release, and potential 'hypoketotic and hypoglycemic' effects.

A type of exogenous ketone containing 1,3-butanediol with two ketones, noted for potentially causing intestinal discomfort.

A ketone salt-based product with exogenous ketones, used by Dom D'Agostino as part of his daily protocol to maintain ketosis.

An element whose chemical properties are similar to technetium.

An element whose chemical properties are similar to technetium.

An organic magnesium salt generally considered more bioavailable and effective for raising plasma magnesium levels compared to inorganic forms, also providing taurine.

An inorganic form of magnesium generally less bioavailable compared to organic forms.

An inorganic form of magnesium that can act as a laxative when taken orally and is often used as Epsom salt for transdermal applications, though its effectiveness for absorption is debated.

An element discovered to fill a gap in Mendeleev's periodic table.

An element discovered to fill a gap in Mendeleev's periodic table.

An element discovered to fill a gap in Mendeleev's periodic table.

An element mentioned in relation to the search for element 43 (technetium) and its role in Ernest Lawrence's cyclotron.

An element mentioned as a neighbor to the missing element 43 (technetium) on the periodic table.

The first artificial element discovered, element 43, named for its crafted origin. It exists naturally in stars but is too unstable to persist on Earth. Also used in medical imaging.

A heavy, naturally occurring element often associated with radioactivity and instability.

A stable isotope of carbon with six protons and six neutrons.

An unstable isotope of carbon with a half-life of around 5700 years, created in the atmosphere by cosmic rays.

An element (number 61) that, like technetium, has only unstable isotopes.

An isotope of technetium with a half-life of 4.2 million years.

An isotope of technetium with a half-life of 51 minutes.

Element 118, a synthesized artificial element with a very short half-life of 0.69 milliseconds.

An artificial element created by bombarding plutonium in a cyclotron, critical for smoke detectors and credited with saving many lives.

Part of Arthur Brooks' morning meal (60-70g protein), mixed with non-fat Greek yogurt, for mood management and to meet daily protein goals.

Exogenous ketones occasionally used by Tim Ferriss as a boost during the initial days of transitioning into nutritional ketosis, with reservations about long-term chronic use for liver toxicity.

A type of tea used by Tim Ferriss as a caffeine source.

Short-chain rubber made in the liver, involved in cell membranes.

A synthetic rubber used for gloves, offering superior resistance to harsh chemicals compared to natural rubber, developed partly in response to latex allergies.

A hunger hormone that increases with sleep deprivation, leading to increased overall hunger.

Naturally occurring compounds in the body that control appetite; levels rocket up with sleep deprivation, increasing appetite.

A synthetic growth hormone that acts as a selective herbicide, effective against broadleaf weeds but not grasses.

A herbicide derived from 2,4-D, which was found to be contaminated with dioxin, leading to health problems for factory workers and soldiers exposed to Agent Orange.

Another herbicide product from Monsanto, mentioned in the context of herbicide drift affecting a farmer's non-resistant crops.

Essential supplements that fall into FDA category A, with no demonstrated risk in controlled human studies during pregnancy.

A common alternative to Tylenol, considered category B in the first two trimesters but category D in the third trimester due to risks like premature closure of a blood vessel in the fetus.

A blood pressure medication (Category C) that 'can't be ruled out' for risk during pregnancy, but benefits for the mother may justify its use.

A class of drugs (Category C) used to treat depression, which 'can't be ruled out' for risk during pregnancy, but benefits for the mother may justify their use.

Short-term use in Category C, but long-term use is in Category D due to positive human fetal risk data, potentially outweighed by maternal benefits.

Whittingham's chosen cathode material for his early lithium battery, known for its layered structure allowing ion intercalation.

Used in Whittingham's organic solvent electrolyte, but contributed to the mixture's volatility and instability.

Used in Whittingham's electrolyte, but was volatile and contributed to safety risks.

The cathode material developed by Goodenough that allowed for a higher cell voltage (4 volts) and contained pre-built lithium ions.

A type of plastic Yoshino initially investigated as a battery anode, but it had low density.

A breakthrough material developed by Asahi Chemical and used by Yoshino as a safe and effective battery anode.

The material Sony ultimately used for the anode in their commercial lithium-ion battery, replacing Yoshino's carbon fiber for better intercalation.

An early drug from the 1950s that lowered cholesterol by inhibiting an enzyme, but resulted in a higher incidence of heart attacks due to increased desmosterol levels, making it more atherogenic.

A class of drugs developed in the 1980s that mechanically blocked cholesterol reabsorption in the GI tract but had significant side effects and are generally not used today.

Highlighted as a cornerstone of the Mediterranean diet, it is not a refined oil but the natural juice of olives, containing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It can constitute 20-25% of daily calories and improves insulin sensitivity.

Found in leafy greens, folate is associated with mood regulation. Low folate levels were historically linked to low mood.

Mentioned as a polyphenol, like quercetin, capable of transporting zinc cations across the plasma membrane.

A specific type of oil that spreads to form a visible, often iridescent, film on water, used to make invisible films apparent.

A localized form of estrogen therapy for the genitourinary system, recommended for conditions like recurrent UTIs and painful intercourse.

Men's testosterone levels peak in their 20s and decline slowly, with supplementation potentially improving cognition and energy.

A supplement (different forms mentioned) that significantly helps increase insulin sensitivity, thereby improving PCOS symptoms and fertility outcomes.

An ingredient in the OV supplement that can block the absorption of carbohydrates in meals by 40%, benefiting PCOS patients by addressing insulin resistance.

A supplement that may be beneficial for improving egg quality, possibly due to its anti-inflammatory effects.

An antibiotic historically used for tuberculosis, now studied as a cognitive enhancer for neuropsychiatric conditions, used by Tim to amplify TMS effects.

A class of drugs that some people experience as reducing desire for overconsumption of caffeine or alcohol, similar to Tim's experience after TMS.

A marine-source omega-3 fatty acid crucial for reducing inflammation and various bodily functions. Essential for longevity.

A marine-source omega-3 fatty acid vital for brain health, development, and cell membrane function. Essential for longevity.

Compounds found in plants, such as sulforaphane, resveratrol, and curcumin, which activate stress response genes and contribute to hormesis.

A medication Brian was taking concurrently with Rapamycin, contributing to low LDL levels.

A key component of bronze, tin deposits are scattered globally, necessitating extensive trade routes for its acquisition.

A B vitamin included in the essential capsules of the blueprint stack, contributing to overall health.

A B vitamin included in the essential capsules of the blueprint stack, contributing to overall health.

Strongly advised against taking regularly, as they are seen as drugs that hack the mind and can lead to a loss of self-awareness and divergence from reality.

Drugs predicted to emerge as geroprotectors due to their effects on glucose metabolism and satiety, noted for dramatically improving metabolic numbers in personal experimentation.

Used as an example of a supplement company that conducts rigorous clinical trials and publishes in top journals, in contrast to the NAD+ field.

An element mentioned as a reference point for the mass of heavy dark matter particles in the SuperCDMS experiment.

A source of omega-3 fatty acids, similar to fish oil, used in studies to replicate findings on increasing strength and size.

An exogenous ketone formulation that provided noticeable verbal acuity improvement in relatives with Alzheimer's disease, but with potential liver toxicity concerns for extended use.

A central metabolite in the TCA cycle, which declines with aging. Time-release AKG supplemented in mice shows a 5-10% increase in lifespan and a dramatic increase in healthspan/reduced frailty.

A central metabolite that declines with aging. The speaker was skeptical of NR/NMN but had a positive personal experience with sublingual NAD+ combined with apigenin, significantly enhancing exercise performance.

A CD38 inhibitor, included in the sublingual NAD+ product, which increases NAD+ levels by blocking its consumption.

The gas monomer that polymerizes to form Teflon.

A corrosive gas used in nuclear bomb enrichment that required highly resistant materials like Teflon for handling.

An inorganic fluoride added to public water supplies to fight tooth decay, which helped researchers to discover the presence of organic fluorine in blood.

A replacement chemical for C8 developed by Chemours, found to cause similar tumors in rats and still contaminate the environment.

A supplement suggested for its potential to help manage reactive oxygen species and inflammation caused by air pollution.

A supplement mentioned as a telomerase activator, though long-term cancer risk is a concern.

An oral form of estrogen, used in older HRT studies, which slightly increases blood viscosity and cardiovascular risk.

A form of magnesium supplement, more fully absorbed than other forms like oxide, citrate, or glycinate, often used in the mornings.

A compound often taken with magnesium glycinate.

An ingredient in skincare products, mentioned as being used by very young girls, potentially causing side effects.

Suggested as a better alternative for body soap and for use as sunscreen.

An over-the-counter medication taken on a plane to aid sleep, but was ineffective for the speaker.

A group of three essential amino acids, with leucine being the most potent. While popular as a sports supplement, their effectiveness, when already on a high-protein diet, is largely considered negligible, making them 'closer to the useless end' except for the leucine component.

A class of medications used for weight loss and diabetes, which are recommended to be stopped at least two months before trying to get pregnant due to lack of safety data in pregnancy. A registry is tracking 'Ozempic babies' but current data is limited.

Injectable hormones (FSH, sometimes with LH) used for ovarian stimulation in IVF or IUI, especially if oral medications are ineffective. They stimulate multiple follicles to grow.

A medication used in IVF protocols to prevent premature ovulation by blocking the LH surge from the pituitary gland, allowing controlled timing of egg retrieval.

An essential nutrient, part of prenatal vitamins, crucial for anyone trying to get pregnant.

Another protein source mentioned for supplementation, useful when whole foods are insufficient.

A medication mentioned by one of the hosts that has a sedative effect, contributing to longer sleep duration for him.

A class of compounds including retinol, retinaldehyde, and retinoic acid, recommended for anti-aging by boosting collagen, elastin, and normalizing skin cell function.

A retinoid that is a middle step between retinol and retinoic acid, less irritating for sensitive skin while still highly efficacious.

The weakest form of retinoid, available over-the-counter, suitable for early preventative care and mild acne.

An over-the-counter steroid cream, low concentration for reducing irritation from retinoids in the initial weeks or months of use.

An important molecule for facial aesthetics, acting as a powerful antioxidant, precursor for collagen synthesis, and regulator of melanin production for even skin tone. Quality formulations are key for bioavailability.

An oral retinoid used to treat severe cystic acne by drying up oil production, considered a medical emergency treatment due to potential scarring. Has significant side effects, including dryness, potential hair shedding, and strict pregnancy prevention measures.

A molecule used in photodynamic therapy for acne treatment, painted on the skin and activated by red light.

A topical agent used to control pigment cells, which would be recommended for preparation before laser peels on higher Fitzpatrick skin types to mitigate risks of pigment problems.

A clinically supported ingredient that can help you fall asleep, stay asleep, and wake up feeling refreshed.

Transport lipids and cholesterol in the circulation; they can bind to LPS, serving as a protective mechanism, but small dense LDL particles are less efficiently recycled, leaving LPS bound in circulation.

A stress hormone that binds to mast cells in the gut, leading to the release of proteases that degrade tight junctions and increase intestinal permeability.

A protein released from gut cells that causes tight junctions to disassemble, increasing intestinal permeability. It is associated with obesity and gluten exposure.

A protein found in gluten that can bind to receptors on intestinal epithelial cells, triggering zonulin release and increasing intestinal permeability.

An enzyme produced in the gut that can degrade LPS, change LPS-producing bacteria populations, and increase butyrate-producing bacteria.

Can be taken up by enterocytes and share a common metabolic pathway with butyrate.

Presented as a good option for those concerned about caffeine intake, though often served poorly by the industry.

Mentioned as a popular topic that changes a fundamental part of human existence by removing the desire to eat, suggesting similar profound changes are possible with advanced biotech.

An early atomic nucleus formed during the first minutes and seconds after the Big Bang.

An early atomic nucleus formed during the first minutes and seconds after the Big Bang.

Force-carrying particles related to the weak nuclear force.

A lactate-based energy supplement used by Dr. D'Agostino for mountain biking, highlighting lactate's under-appreciated role as a brain fuel.

An exogenous ketone product (ketone salt) that Dr. D'Agostino uses daily, recommending half a packet at a time to avoid insulin spikes.

Caprylic acid, a type of medium-chain triglyceride, included in Keto Brainz coffee creamer for rapid ketone production.

Metabolic drugs that target tumor metabolism and are remarkably effective, but have a counter-regulatory effect of increasing insulin. Their efficacy is greatly enhanced when combined with a ketogenic diet to suppress insulin.

A coenzyme whose levels Bryan Johnson has optimized to an 18-year-old equivalent through sustained daily oral dosage of NMN and NR, not IV drips.

An orally taken supplement that helps maintain sustained intracellular NAD+ levels for anti-aging.

An orally taken supplement that helps maintain sustained intracellular NAD+ levels for anti-aging.

A component added to platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for hair regrowth therapy.

Mentioned as an example of a supplement where knowing its measurable amount and purity is important.

A toxic chemical commonly used in gold mining operations that seeps into waterways and pollutes local ecosystems.

An enzyme released into plasma when the liver is stressed, often referred to as a 'liver function test' but actually indicates injury. Elevations can also be caused by muscle damage from exercise.

Mentioned as a research topic for its impact on skin aging, tendons, ligaments, and bone health, with potential overlapping pathways in synthesis.

Components in breast milk important for shaping the gut microbiome in early development.

A supplement combination (Polycosanol, Alpha-lipoic acid, Green tea extract, Garlic allisin extract, Selenium) previously discussed by the speaker.

Dietary compounds normally degraded by the microbiome into active compounds that signal adipose cells to release heat and store less fat; their absence after dieting contributes to yo-yo obesity.

A type of supplement that the speaker is consuming, with potential negative effects on liver function requiring mitigation.

A flavonoid found in grapefruit, involved in the microbiome's metabolism of isoflavonoids to prevent fat accumulation.

A component of the 'PAGS' supplement combination that the speaker still finds valuable.

A component of the 'PAGS' supplement combination that the speaker still finds valuable.

A prescription medication for managing uric acid levels to prevent gout.

A prescription medication combining ezetimibe and bempedoic acid, used to manage lipid profile biomarkers.

A high-dose probiotic (over 400 billion bacteria) mentioned by the host to have shown benefits in clinical studies for conditions like colitis and IBS.

Also known as Pepcid, taken by the speaker for potential anti-COVID applications and possible vagal tone improvement.

A peptide recommended by a performance coach, taken by the speaker orally despite potential GI tract inertness.

Supplement taken by the speaker, found beneficial for various things, acting as a mild androgen and potentially aiding reproductive health.

Cannabinoid taken by the speaker at night to help with elbow pain after surgery.

A class of sleep medications the speaker is exploring for potential benefits in preventing amyloid plaque buildup associated with Alzheimer's.

A supplement produced by Bowmar Nutrition, based on research to improve ocular degeneration.

An older 'smart drug' mentioned as having been created by Albert Hoffman.

An old chemotherapy drug used for breast cancer, highlighting the lack of new drugs in the mid-80s.

An old chemotherapy drug used for breast cancer, part of the standard therapy.

An anti-retroviral drug that was just on the brink of release when Sue was in Uganda.

An old, reasonably effective chemotherapy drug against Kaposi's Sarcoma, used extensively in Uganda.

An old chemotherapy drug that can be used for Kaposi's Sarcoma, requiring careful use due to pulmonary toxicity.

A microtubule poison derived from the Yew tree, one of the first new chemotherapy drugs in decades, approved first for ovarian cancer and then breast cancer.

An anti-retroviral drug in development at Bristol Myers Squibb after AZT.

An anti-retroviral drug in development at Bristol Myers Squibb after AZT.

A chemotherapy drug developed by Bristol Myers Squibb, part of their historical oncology portfolio.

An enzyme-like molecule developed by Genentech to break down blood clots, revolutionizing heart attack treatment.

A drug Genentech hired Sue to work on, intended to increase platelet count, but proved difficult due to late and excessive platelet elevation.

A drug made by Amgen to increase white blood cells.

An antibody drug that targets CD20, a marker on lymphomas, proving highly effective and changing the landscape of lymphoma treatment.

An antibody drug developed by Genentech that targets VEGF, approved for colon cancer, but faced economic scrutiny due to its high cost and modest survival benefit.

An antiviral drug for COVID-19, mentioned as an example of a provisional approval that perhaps should have been reevaluated for efficacy post-market.

Even better than Pap smears for preventing cervical cancer.

A compound found in dark chocolate that alerts the brain to something fun about to happen, with aphrodisiac qualities.

Used in early studies at very high doses (half a cup daily, roughly 20-25 grams of omega-3 including three salmon steaks) to investigate its effects on cholesterol and triglycerides.

The best source of EPA and DHA for vegetarians and vegans, derived from microalgae that naturally produce these fatty acids.

An omega-6 fatty acid found in vegetable oils; research suggests higher biomarker levels are associated with lower risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes, challenging the 'omega-6 is bad' narrative.

The main mineral composing teeth, also known as hydroxyapatite.

An anti-seizure medication that is effective for nerve pain, working on calcium channels in the spinal cord and brain to turn down signals; it has no lethal dose but can cause drowsiness and water retention.

A cousin of gabapentin with the same mechanism of action, often used when gabapentin's dose is maxed out due to its linear kinetic profile, allowing more to enter the system; can also cause drowsiness and water retention.

Older antidepressants (like desipramine, nortriptyline, amitriptyline) that are effective for pain management by modulating serotonin and norepinephrine and acting as sodium channel blockers, often used for their pain-relieving properties rather than mood.

A fascinating drug with an underground reputation, used at 4.5 milligrams (one-tenth the dose for addiction) to block toll-like four receptors on microglia, reducing neuroinflammation. It has shown magical effects in some patients with conditions like fibromyalgia and complex regional pain syndrome.

A medicinal mushroom included in a supplement given to Dr. D'Agostino's dogs.

A ketone ester used in a case report for Alzheimer's disease by Dr. Mary Newport.

An ingredient in Audacious K9 supplement, given to dogs.

An anabolic compound that stimulates skeletal muscle protein synthesis and bone metabolism, given to Dr. D'Agostino's fixed male dogs after injury to improve lean mass and strength.

A medicinal mushroom included in a supplement given to Dr. D'Agostino's dogs.

A medicinal mushroom included in a supplement given to Dr. D'Agostino's dogs.

A commercially available MCT powder, recommended by Dr. D'Agostino for ease of access.

A more potent version of berberine, which caused Dr. D'Agostino a headache after about a week of use.

Supplements like Nicotinamide Riboside and Nicotinamide Mononucleotide are being researched for mitochondrial health, but liver and muscles tend to be greedy, reducing delivery to the brain.

A drug-stabilized form of CoQ10, part of the Deanna Protocol for ALS, which became a standard of care for Friedreich's ataxia.

An over-the-counter antacid discovered to be a pharmacological vagus nerve stimulator, protecting COVID patients from lethal complications.

An ingredient with a vanilla-esque flavor, deeper and warmer than vanilla. It's illegal in the US due to a chemical compound that's a blood thinner, but legal in the UK.

A supplement that has received some study for eye health, with suggestions of limited benefit but unlikely to hurt.

A vitamin linked to potential medical uses, currently in international clinical trials for vision restoration in eye diseases like glaucoma.

A compound mentioned as a 'fasting mimetic' but for which there is insufficient data to support its use.

A component of mRNA vaccines, part of the lipid nanoparticle formulation.

A supplement from the Thorne brand that Tim Ferris uses as an anti-inflammatory alternative to NSAIDs, and which may also have neurodegenerative disease slowing effects.

Speculated to still contain a significant amount of caffeine, and advised to be stopped after 11 a.m. to avoid sleep disruption.

A peptide therapy being used experimentally for cognitive decline, TBI, and longevity, with emerging but unclear evidence and dosing.

A polyphenol present in multivitamins, important for eye and brain health.

A polyphenol present in multivitamins, important for eye and brain health.

In its reduced form (ubiquinol), it supports mitochondrial health and has shown early benefits in Parkinson's disease patients due to its role in energy production.

A brand of sulforaphane supplement, used in published studies to show beneficial effects, including reducing tremors.

A fat source that can be used during fasting to avoid activating mTOR pathways, allowing for some caloric intake without disrupting autophagy significantly.

A phytosomal curcumin formulation that increases bioavailability. Used for headaches and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS).

A formulation of Vitamin D3 that significantly increases its bioavailability, beneficial for individuals struggling to increase their Vitamin D levels.

An electrolyte tablet recommended to help men over 45 reduce nighttime urination, if used with proper osmolarity and not slammed at night.

A type of beneficial gut bacteria that generally increases with fiber intake.

An ingredient in the blood flow product developed by Promix.

Not mentioned in the transcript.

Mentioned as a large category in drugstores; Dr. Snyder suggests personalized measurement is needed to verify their effectiveness.

Typically associated with B12 injections rather than oral supplements; oral supplementation provides a more smoothed out dose. Discussed as part of the case studies.

Mentioned as an example of a supplement that can act similarly to a pharmaceutical (pravastatin) for lowering ApoB, highlighting the overlap between supplements and drugs.

An ingredient in the blood flow product developed by Promix.

An antioxidant that Dr. Seheult takes, which has shown to improve symptoms in flu viruses and may help with oxidative stress in COVID-19 due to its role in the glutathione peroxidase system.

An ingredient added to glass in Alexandria around 100 AD to create semi-opaque glass that allowed light to pass through.

An ingredient derived from seaweed ash, used by Angelo Barovier to create transparent glass.

A primary fuel source for high-intensity exercise, with strategies for timing intake around training sessions to maximize performance.

Studies, including observational ones like the Women's Health Initiative, suggest a correlation between fish oil and slower epigenetic aging, although large clinical trials have shown varied results.

A vitamin that the body produces some of, but not in adequate quantities for what is considered good health; deficiency causes pellagra.

An essential vitamin whose deficiency causes beriberi.

An essential vitamin whose deficiency causes pellagra.

A newer anti-aging compound being promoted by some of the same people who promoted Resveratrol, with claims of health and longevity benefits.

The precursor to sulforaphane, found in cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and sprouts, converted into sulforaphane by the myrosinase enzyme in plants and the gut microbiome.

Can be added to cooked broccoli or other cruciferous vegetables to provide myrosinase, facilitating the conversion of glucoraphanin to sulforaphane, especially when the plant's own enzyme has been destroyed by cooking.

A sulforaphane supplement that Dr. Fahey considers reliable and has tested to contain the stated amount of glucoraphanin.

A sulforaphane supplement that Dr. Fahey considers reliable and has tested to contain the stated amount of glucoraphanin.

A sulforaphane supplement containing glucoraphanin and active myrosinase, considered reliable by Dr. Fahey, and used in multiple clinical studies for autism and schizophrenia.

A supplement containing sulforaphane precursor, deemed decent by Dr. Fahey for eye health.

A supplement recommended by Dr. Fahey as a good product.

A drink supplement containing sulforaphane precursor, considered decent by Dr. Fahey.

A European product containing stabilized sulforaphane that Dr. Fahey knows to be reliable and stable, but it is difficult to obtain in the US and is not FDA-regulated.

A sugar alcohol that causes significant tummy troubles for many people.

An ingredient in Sleepy Chocolate; while in-vitro research shows it enhances Gaba signaling, human research is mixed, and its bioactive compounds may not survive oral digestion effectively.

An ingredient in Sleepy Chocolate; specific effects on sleep not detailed in the discussion.

A compound in chocolate that behaves similarly to caffeine, having mild stimulatory properties.

A proprietary lavender extract typically dosed at 80 milligrams in studies on oral lavender supplementation.

A flavonoid and the most important bioactive compound in chamomile (and kiwi) that directly influences sleep pathways by interacting with benzodiazepine receptors and enhancing Gaba signaling.

One of the two most common amino acid deficiencies in vegan diets (along with methionine).

A mineral abundant in the Andes, used by the Inca for jewelry and a key component in producing hydrofluoric acid when combined with sulfuric acid.

A concentrated solution of camphor in alcohol used to propel a cardboard boat on water.

A synthetic element identified as a key material capable of sustaining a nuclear fission chain reaction for atomic bombs.

Creatine monohydrate processed into smaller granules for improved solubility, potentially reducing GI issues.

A superconducting substance used in the magnets for the Tevatron.

The highly volatile substance stored in the Beirut port warehouse that exploded in 2020.

Complex indigestible sugars that feed beneficial gut bacteria, act as decoys against pathogens, and help break down biofilms.

Essential for normal blood clotting, but very low in breast milk, leading to the recommendation for newborn injections.

An iron-binding protein found in breast milk that acts as an antimicrobial agent.

Includes IL-10, IL-4, IL-12, noted as immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory factors in breast milk.

Vitamin D, mentioned as something that might be relevant for anti-inflammatory protocols, but Tim lacks expertise.

A cytokine important in immune responses; low levels are associated with insomnia and a shift towards Th2 dominance.

A cytokine important in immune regulation; an imbalance with Interferon Gamma can lead to Th2 dominance.

A compound produced by gut bacteria from flavonoids, helping to produce interferon and protect lungs from flu damage.

Used to make the edges of the tray greasy, preventing water from easily pouring over.

The chemical name for Vitamin C, an essential nutrient recognized for its antioxidant properties.

The oxidized form of vitamin C, which competes with glucose for uptake into cells via glucose transporters.

A form of vitamin C encapsulated in lipid particles, which some studies suggest may increase bioavailability at higher doses.

A form of magnesium studied alongside vitamin C for asthma, with no observed beneficial effects on asthma control in one study.

A B vitamin used in combination with vitamin C and hydrocortisone for sepsis treatment, showing improved outcomes.

A hormone that influences metabolic rate and energy expenditure.

A type of gut bacteria that promotes healthy mucosal lining and intestinal function.

A type of salt that can be used to help manage mild hypoglycemia and stabilize blood volume during fasting.

A type of salt that can be used to help manage mild hypoglycemia and stabilize blood volume during fasting.

A supplement containing Procyanidin B2, which enhances tryptophan bioavailability to facilitate endogenous production of melatonin and serotonin for sleep.

A compound found in tart cherry extract that enhances tryptophan bioavailability.

A basic protein supplement that Tim Ferriss used for expedient fueling during training and travel.

An electrolyte and carbohydrate blend that noticeably improved Tim's mental and physical performance during long hikes and training.

Substances used for generating the divine within, employed for thousands of years in sacred and ritualistic shamanic contexts.

Another NAD+ precursor and 'NAD+ booster'. Animal studies suggest health benefits in metabolic health, heart function, and cognition. A study also showed it accelerated cancer growth in a specific context.

Vitamin B3, found in foods like lean meats and vegetables. Its three forms (nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide riboside) can be used to synthesize NAD+.

A natural compound found in blueberries, similar to resveratrol, that activates sirtuins. It was included in one human study with nicotinamide riboside and showed potential effects on blood pressure.

Referred to as a high-temperature superconductor, used in advances for wind turbine technology.

Components of spent nuclear fuel that are hazardous and contribute to its heat but are removed during reprocessing.

An ingredient in Rich Barton's morning smoothie.

Used in the speaker's oral care routine; the speaker's dentist noted a significantly lower plaque index and improved gum health.

A source of pure carbon used in the tatara smelting process to heat iron oxides and create steel.

A supplement with good evidence for a positive effect on gum health, used as part of the dental protocol.

Mentioned as an intervention, though no formal protocol for its application was discussed.

The discussant mentions having low ferritin levels and taking iron supplements as a result.

Dosage varies based on the day: 125mg on Saturdays, 250mg on even days.

Included in the 'super veggie' mix.

Included in the 'super veggie' mix, 300 grams.

Half a brazil nut is consumed for selenium, contributing 15 calories to the diet.

A sweetener used with super veggie.

An amino acid that, along with others, regulates IGF-1 levels.

Supplement mentioned for its benefits across mood, brain health, heart health, and hormone status.

A supplement mentioned as having a modest effect in increasing cortisol.

A metabolite that shares transporters with lactate but degrades easily in solution. The body preferentially converts it to lactate.

The material used for the active layer in blue LEDs that narrows the band gap to produce true blue light.

A compound with a larger band gap used to create a 'hill' that prevents electrons from escaping the active layer in blue LEDs.

Another precursor to NAD+ that is taken by many people with benefits hoped for in reversing aging processes.

An original pre-workout formula mentioned for its potent effects, now off the market.

Supplement taken by the host with Vitamin C before isometrics, recommended to be sourced from skin (e.g., bovine hide) to avoid heavy metals found in bone broth.

Used as dust on the water surface to make motions visible, serving as a convenient form of dust for observation.

Applied to the water surface, it stays as a lens and can be used to create a visible film.

Used in the process of transferring thin layers of molecules from water surface onto metal or glass plates to create multilayers.

A compound that inhibits ATP citrate lyase, reducing cytosolic acetyl-CoA and promoting protein deacetylation and autophagy. It is a caloric restriction mimetic.

A natural compound that inhibits EP300, leading to deacetylation and autophagy induction. It is a type of caloric restriction mimetic.

An advanced supplement Bryan Johnson takes as part of his 111 daily pills.

An ingredient sometimes found in kratom products, contributing to their effects.

An herb mentioned as being used for vitality and hormone support.

An essential electrolyte that is important to ingest during fasting for proper neuronal function.

A compound of nitrogen and hydrogen, synthesized by Fritz Haber. It revolutionized agriculture as fertilizer and also serves as a precursor for explosives.

A precursor to NAD+ that has been shown in human studies to increase NAD+ levels, and in animal studies to increase health span.

An enzyme found in the liver and muscle, often elevated with liver stress or muscle damage from exercise. Typically higher than ALT in individuals who exercise frequently.

Gamma-glutamyl transferase, an enzyme associated with liver health, often elevated with liver injury.

A compound that binds amyloid and promotes protein homeostasis, found to be robust and reproducible in extending lifespan in C. elegans and other species.

Oils like canola, vegetable, and soybean oil. Overconsumption is linked to an imbalance in omega fatty acids and inflammation.

A central ion around which the most complex molecular knot (819) was tied, contributing to its properties.

A whole grain recommended for its fiber content and pleasant taste.

A premium nootropic and patented form of cocoline or cytool, used as a brain-boosting ingredient in Mosh bars.

An alternative form of magnesium, equally effective as Magnesium Threonate, for improving sleep depth and transition. Suggested dosage is 100-200mg.

Endogenous opioids that produce feelings of pleasure and pain relief, which mu-opioid receptors bind to.

Essential fatty acids, particularly the EPA variety of omega-3s, recommended at 1000-2000mg daily to lower inflammation and potentially reduce SSRI dosage.

A supplement by Thorne that contains only glucoraphanin, relying on gut bacteria for conversion to sulforaphane.

A compound formed from indoles in broccoli heads, but not significant in broccoli sprouts. It has a mixed health review, with some studies showing cancer-preventive effects and others cancer-promoting effects depending on timing.

Another compound derived from indoles, often found in supplements. Like I3C, its health effects are mixed and depend on context.

An amino acid mentioned by the interviewer as a supplement she takes, which has shown benefits for activated T-cells and reducing respiratory illness in endurance athletes.

A natural root extract primarily functioning as an anti-anxiety medication, which works best for sleep when combined with hops.

A supplement taken by Dr. Jay daily for its health benefits.

A supplement Dr. Jay takes (8,000 units/day) to thin the blood and reduce the tendency to form blood clots.

A spore-based probiotic supplement taken by Dr. Jay that contains bacterial spores able to survive stomach acid and germinate in the intestines.

A powerful antioxidant that has shown some benefit for male fertility as a supplement.

A fiber supplement providing soluble and insoluble fiber, recommended if whole food fiber intake is difficult.

A plant-based protein extract that, when given in sufficient quantity (30g), showed no difference in muscle protein synthesis compared to dairy protein.

Vitamins that can help lower high homocysteine levels, potentially improving cognition and blood-brain barrier function.

An electrolyte drink containing sodium, magnesium, and potassium in correct ratios, with no sugar, essential for proper hydration and brain function.

Another precursor to NAD+.

Not mentioned in the transcript.

Pigments found in plants that are essential for vision.

A pigment found in seafood and flamingos that may increase ocular blood flow and has other benefits for skin quality.

A Momentous product used by Tim Ferriss to improve sleep onset, quality, and duration.

An old pre-workout supplement formula that controversially contained a legal version of methamphetamine, illustrating the extreme effects of some stimulants.

A carotenoid that can be converted to Vitamin A; also functions as an antioxidant.

Carotenoids found in the macular of the eye that absorb blue light and protect against degeneration.

Bruce Ames takes this supplement, potentially related to its role in cellular membrane health with aging.

Nootropic supplement formulated by Aubrey Marcus that became Onnit's flagship product, selling out in 12 hours.

A form of Vitamin B12. Dosage and need depends on individual methylation pathways and genetics.

A peptide for tissue repair and healing, part of regulatory peptides used by athletes.

A peptide that is a regulatory peptide for tissue repair and healing.

A peptide used for immune function, good for colds or immune issues, increases white blood cell function and number.

A potential resource on the moon that China might discover, which could revolutionize power generation.

The naturally occurring form of lactate in the body, preferred for energy metabolism and transport.

A mirror image of L-lactate, which is neurotoxic and not efficiently transported by the same transporters.

A compound invented by Dr. Brooks, using an amino acid to carry lactate, found in Cytomax.

A form of lactate used in sports drinks and potentially beneficial for TBI recovery, helping to mitigate swelling and facilitating uptake in the GI tract.

A probiotic mentioned by Tim Ferriss that he is currently taking.

A molecule released by shivering that acts on brown fat to increase thermogenesis and fat burning.

Hormone that facilitates fat oxidation, partly through increases in GLP-1.

A phytoecdysteroid that was previously popular in the fitness world but lost favor due to underwhelming human research and potential underdosing issues in products.

A phytoecdysteroid currently popular in the fitness world, driven by mechanistic and rodent data suggesting anabolic potential. However, independent testing suggests many products are significantly underdosed or contain little to no Turkesterone.

A supplement (Urolithin A) from a company called Timeline that has demonstrated efficacy in improving muscle mass and performance in older adults, and has overarching metabolic benefits.

A Creatine precursor that might be more effective than Creatine itself for increasing brain saturation of Creatine, available as a supplement.

An herb found in Dr. Amen's 'Focus and Energy' supplement, used to aid focus.

A protein found in grains like wheat, rye, and barley, identified as one of the 'inflammatory core four' foods that can trigger inflammation in many individuals.

Dairy products commonly found in grocery stores, often containing A1 casein which can be more inflammatory than the ancestral A2 casein.

A form of iron that the body can easily absorb, which was a consideration for Dr. Cole during his vegan diet.

A crucial nutrient that Dr. Cole found difficult to obtain in its whole food form from a vegan diet, often requiring synthetic supplementation.

A Momentous magnesium supplement used by the host for improving sleep onset, quality, and duration.

A recommended whole grain source of fiber that agrees with the speaker's digestive system.

A versatile vegetarian protein source prepared with soy sauce and cornstarch, suitable for bulk preparation.

Mentioned as a potential secret ingredient for chocolate chip cookies.

A molecule produced by POMC neurons that reduces appetite.

Minerals essential for nervous system function, which can be depleted by diuretics like caffeine.

Incorporated into their diet for its purported benefits in recovery and nutrient absorption.

A tagged creatine mentioned as a new method for directly measuring skeletal muscle mass.

An essential oil that has shown in vitro to stimulate phagocytosis and the innate immune system. Not recommended for internal consumption due to toxicity.

The scientific name for Tongkat Ali, a supplement investigated for its effects on testosterone and fertility.

A compound tested by ITP as a senolytic drug; showed no effect on lifespan or senescent cell removal in mice at tested doses.

A hormone programmed by the Y chromosome that inhibits the formation of Mullerian ducts, part of the female reproductive system.

A precursor hormone to testosterone produced in high levels in female hyenas, causing enlargement of their genitalia.

A plant substance that resembles testosterone and is mentioned as an example of plants producing hormone-like compounds.

Hydroxymethylbutyrate, studied in combination with ATP, with reported effects comparable in magnitude to steroids, raising skepticism.

A 'fake fiber' often added to sugar-free products, under investigation by the FDA for its actual fiber properties.

A 'fake fiber' mentioned alongside chicory root fiber, potentially causing digestive upset.

Ketogenic therapies that provide an alternate fuel source for the brain.

A synthetic emulsifier found in ultra-processed foods that can degrade the gut lining.

A synthetic emulsifier found in ultra-processed foods that can degrade the gut lining.

Discussed as a protein source for pre-bed consumption, with the common recommendation of slow digestion, but questioning its actual slow absorption rate compared to other proteins.

Mentioned in a table of protein absorption rates, with an approximate absorption rate of 3.9 grams per hour.

Listed in a table with an absorption rate of 1.3 grams per hour, noting that cooking significantly facilitates digestion.

Has an absorption rate of 2.8 grams per hour, as noted in a table comparing different protein sources.

Considered a slow-absorbing protein source, but studies comparing it to egg whites show no significant difference in outcomes for muscle building.

Compared to whole eggs, an egg white meal does not show a significant difference in muscle building outcomes.

Natural lipids recommended in emollients to replenish the skin's natural barrier, as opposed to petroleum-based products.

An NAD+ booster that one of the hosts takes, described as efficacious with many studies.

A brand of magnesium supplement, taken in doses of two to three per day to reach approximately one gram of elemental magnesium daily.

Taken with Methylfolate to monitor and maintain homocysteine levels below nine.

Dosage reduced to 50mg three times a week due to potential neuropathy risks with excessive intake, influencing homocysteine levels.

An extract that a 19th-century physician reportedly injected himself with, reporting increased vitality.

A natural clay pigment used to create the red color in prehistoric cave paintings.

A radioactive element used in the 'Urchin' neutron initiator. Its alpha particles trigger the release of neutrons from beryllium.

The technical name for saltpeter, a crucial ingredient in gunpowder, often derived from manure.

A main ingredient in gunpowder, whose mass production and refinement were critical for European military advancements.

The term used for the smokeless gunpowder formula used in fireworks, distinct from older gunpowder formulations, often used interchangeably with 'gunpowder' in this video.

A chemical compound used in flame tests that produces a beautiful orange color.

A chemical compound used in flame tests that can produce a violet color.

A chemical compound mentioned in the context of flame tests for firework colors.