Drugs & Medications

Injections used to promote regeneration of Jill's damaged hamstring tendon.

A GLP-1 agonist drug used for weight loss and type 2 diabetes management.

Psychedelic compound discussed in the context of MRI studies; relates to the psilocybin/psilocin administration in subjects.

Named as one of the drugs under study or use in longevity research to mimic calorie-restriction effects.

ADHD medication, mentioned for its side effects but also highlighting the serious consequences of untreated ADHD.

A GLP-1 agonist drug used for weight loss and type 2 diabetes management, often at higher doses than other GLP-1 activators.

A powerful opioid mentioned as a substance that addiction psychiatrist Dr. K helps patients overcome using meditation and other therapies.

A hormone and neurotransmitter associated with alertness and the stress response, working closely with dopamine.

A legal substance used in therapy, intriguing due to its similar effects to psilocybin and MDMA despite being chemically different.

A medication for erectile dysfunction, described as a 'Vicodin' or a 'Band-Aid' because it only masks the problem, not curing it. It also helps arousal in women.

A drug previously prescribed to pregnant mothers to prevent miscarriage, known to increase the risk for autism and cause major birth defects.

A disease whose spread in Thailand was effectively controlled by targeting hubs in the network of transmission.

An antidepressant that increases dopamine, used off-label to help men and women increase libido or sexual function.

An SSRI antidepressant that can be affected by melatonin supplementation, a fact not widely known by users.

A new treatment approach that stimulates the immune system to track down and kill cancer cells; exercise is described as an 'original immunotherapy'.

The first FDA-approved drug for female sexual dysfunction (2015), which increases a woman's desire for sex by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine.

An over-the-counter medication containing a pain reliever and diphenhydramine (an antihistamine) to induce sleep, with data suggesting daily use can lead to Alzheimer's.

Discussed in relation to potential impacts on strength and hypertrophy, with the conclusion that human evidence does not support negative effects.

A commonly prescribed ester of testosterone for TRT, with a long half-life (around 10 days) that influences injection frequency.

A nonsteroidal antiandrogen medication used to treat prostate cancer, potentially beneficial for AR-low tumors when combined with radiation.

A class of drugs that relax smooth muscles in the prostate and seminal vesicles, improving urinary symptoms by enhancing the diameter of the prostatic urethra.

An over-the-counter pain reliever, mentioned in a hypothetical scenario about managing physical pain and the avoidance of it.

Phencyclidine, an NMDA antagonist with dissociative and psychedelic effects, mentioned in the context of this drug class.

A bronchodilator given to children with asthma, which may not address the underlying breathing issues.

A 76-year-old man suffering from Lyme disease was able to climb Mount Kilimanjaro in 31 hours using Wim Hof's techniques.

A stimulant medication that can be used to treat bulimia and binge eating disorder by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine.

A class of drugs considered interesting for geroprotection, potentially comparable to rapamycin and GLP-1 agonists. The speaker notes their effect in metabolically healthy individuals is less clear.

A stimulant drug, both recreational and pharmaceutical (like Adderall), that increases dopamine and norepinephrine, discussed as a treatment for ADHD.

A closely related medication to modafinil, used for promoting wakefulness and focus.

An ester of testosterone with a half-life typically shorter than cypionate, often used in TRT and available in pre-loaded pens like Zestica.

Medication commonly used for hair loss, which can impact sexual function and may be more susceptible to affecting semen quality in men with lower sperm reserve.

A derivative of testosterone, more potent in activating the androgen receptor, primarily responsible for the masculinization of external genitalia like the penis and scrotal sac.

A primary treatment for prostate cancer that eliminates testosterone, but can lead to muscle weakness; weight training is effective in countering these side effects.

An FDA-approved drug that targets the melanocortin pathway to enhance libido in females. It is injectable and can cause hyperpigmentation in some women.

A common condition affecting 5-10% of men involving scar tissue formation in the penis, leading to curvature and making sex challenging, with effective treatments available.

An autoimmune condition that Nick Cannon was diagnosed with at 32, specifically lupus nephritis, where his immune system attacks his kidneys.

A corticosteroid mentioned as an example, where a dose of 5 mg/day can significantly reduce BMD and increase fracture risk within months.

Drugs like omeprazole, which may be associated with increased osteoporotic fracture risk, likely by affecting intestinal calcium absorption, though the evidence is less clear than for corticosteroids.

A pharmaceutical drug that has been studied in conjunction with TMS, relevant for understanding synergistic effects.

Mentioned as something that perhaps everyone in Congress should take for a potential better world.

Hormone Replacement Therapy, discussed as a crucial intervention for women during peri-menopausal and menopausal stages to prevent bone loss, contrasting with past fears.

An over-the-counter numbing agent applied to the penis 10 minutes before sex to treat premature ejaculation by decreasing sensitivity of the glans.

A narcotic medication listed as a second-line therapy for premature ejaculation, but carries a high risk of addiction.

An alpha-blocker used to treat BPH, preferred for younger men due to its lower rate of retrograde ejaculation compared to other alpha-blockers.

A beta-blocker medication that the guest was prescribed for anxiety and depression.

A medication, also known as GHB, that Orphan Medical was developing for narcolepsy.

Another name for sodium oxubate, a medication mentioned in the context of narcolepsy treatment.

A phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor often prescribed daily at 5mg for psychogenic ED to break the 'vicious cycle' of anxiety, and also for BPH and pulmonary hypertension. It's suggested as a preventative measure for smooth muscle health.

An isomer of Clomid that was developed to avoid the estrogen receptor blockage centrally and adverse sexual side effects seen with Clomid, but is only available compounded and hard to get.

A neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus that acts as a conductor for the wake network, signaling when to be alert; its absence is linked to narcolepsy.

A newer phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor with less cross-reactivity with other phosphodiesterases, potentially leading to fewer side effects like back pain or vision changes.

Another phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor for erectile dysfunction.

An intranasal testosterone delivery system, applied three times a day, which does not significantly suppress spermatogenesis and provides quick onset of action.

A phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor that blocks the enzyme phosphodiesterase, increasing cyclic GMP to maintain erections. It was originally developed as a blood pressure medication.

An injectable drug used to treat female sexual dysfunction, similar in effect to Addyi but not as impactful as Viagra for men.

An antidote injected into the penis to reverse priapism, particularly effective if administered within four hours of onset.

Oral testosterone formulations that bypass hepatotoxicity by being absorbed through the lymphatic system, requiring intake with a fatty meal. Multiple brands are now FDA approved.

Newer class of medications for weight loss, which, in one study, appeared safe and beneficial for semen quality when weight loss was maintained.

An over-the-counter pain reliever combined with diphenhydramine to help with sleep, whose daily use is linked to increased Alzheimer's risk.

A procedure used to treat scars, mentioned by the host as something he received for a facial scar.

Experimental treatment for erectile dysfunction that uses shockwaves to induce new blood vessel growth, potentially benefiting men with milder forms.

Weight loss surgeries like gastric bypass that surprisingly can decrease sperm count, possibly due to surgical trauma and impaired vitamin/mineral absorption.

A therapy for prostate cancer that chemically castrates patients, leading to muscle loss and increased fat mass, but these side effects can be overcome with resistance training.

A medication that reduces the risk of breast cancer by 50% over 10 years, offered to patients with a very high lifetime risk (north of 35%).

An ovulation-inducing medication that helps regulate the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis, pushing patients to ovulate; often recommended before Clomid for PCOS patients trying to get pregnant.

A G&RH antagonist medication that takes away estrogen to treat endometriosis, effective for painful sex and periods, but can cause pseudo-menopausal symptoms and is limited to two years of use due to bone loss risk.

A class of pharmaceutical products being explored for potential preventative concepts, with emerging evidence for improvement in Parkinson's symptoms, and reduction in the risk of Alzheimer's and breast cancer.

A drug originally developed in Japan for Castleman's disease, but later repurposed and approved in the US for rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases.

An oral testosterone medication approved in the US in 2022, taken twice a day with a meal.

Weight loss drugs, GLP-1 receptor agonists, which can lead to significant weight loss but are associated with muscle and bone density loss, and mental health issues.

A class of drugs that enhance GLP-1's effects to tell the brain one is full, leading to weight loss but with significant side effects.

A lower-dose form of Cialis (5mg daily) that helps break the vicious cycle of psychogenic ED by ensuring erections are reliably strong, thus reducing anxiety. It also strengthens penile tissue, protects the endothelium, helps urination, and protects the heart.

The second FDA-approved drug for female sexual dysfunction, an injection taken 45 minutes prior to intercourse to increase desire for sex.

Applied as a suppository or cream, it helps postmenopausal women by restoring estrogen to the vagina, thickening the wall, reducing UTIs, and alleviating pain during intercourse.

The only FDA-approved injection treatment for Peyronie's disease in the US, used to break up the plaque causing penile curvature.

Surgical option for erectile dysfunction, involving implanting malleable or inflatable devices into the penis for rigid erections, with very high patient satisfaction.

An antihistamine used in Tylenol PM to induce sleep, with concerns raised about forming a bad habit.

A GLP-1 agonist, noted for its significant ease of tolerance compared to semaglutide.

A medication, also a VEGF inhibitor, listed on the WHO essential medicines list for cancer treatment, with an opposite mechanism to BPC-157.

A growth hormone-releasing agent, also known as Egrifta or Vista, approved for treating lipodystrophy.

Microdosing LSD is a 'hot area' of research for inducing brain plasticity, with evidence in animal models and some human data, but requires careful dose determination.

A mitochondrial uncoupling agent that mimics some effects of fasting by affecting energy metabolism.

A drug that should not be taken during breastfeeding.

An antibiotic often co-administered with Ivermectin in some studies, complicating the assessment of Ivermectin's individual efficacy.

Tablets containing ephedrine, which bodybuilders would use to aid fat loss, now tightly controlled due to its use in methamphetamine production. Tim advises against using it.

GLP-1 agonist medication, specifically Zepbound (fat loss) or Mounjaro (glucose control), that Kevin has been microdosing to lower resting glucose and reduce blood sugar spikes; also suggested for neuroprotective effects.

A type of medication prescribed for high blood pressure, mentioned as an easier alternative to addressing root causes.

A class of drugs used to treat high blood pressure, presented as a common medical response rather than lifestyle intervention.

A prescription sleep medication in the same class as Ambien, often sought for tapering by patients in CBT-I.

A benzodiazepine used as an example for the slow tapering process of sleep medications, highlighting the psychological aspect of withdrawal.

The liver-metabolized form of Vitamin D, available as a prescription. Shown in a Spanish study to be more effective than Vitamin D3 in acute COVID-19 situations by providing a readily available form of the hormone.

The generic name for Prozac, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI).

A prescription medication for acne, often used by young women who may actually have underlying PCOS.

A class of medications (like Trulicity and Ozempic) used by Dr. Aliabadi since 2014 for PCOS patients to regulate insulin, reduce weight, inflammation, and improve mood, often micro-dosed to avoid side effects.

An ovulation-inducing medication that helps regulate the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis, pushing patients to ovulate; often recommended for PCOS patients trying to get pregnant.

A G&RH antagonist medication that takes away estrogen to treat endometriosis, effective for painful sex and periods, but can cause pseudo-menopausal symptoms and is limited to two years of use due to bone loss risk.

A medication used to treat hair thinning in menopause, available as topical Rogaine or oral minoxidil (0.5mg-2.5mg daily), with results typically seen in 6 months to 2 years.

A non-stimulant medication for ADHD that increases norepinephrine levels in synapses.

An immune suppressant often combined with rapamycin at higher doses for organ transplant patients to achieve a bigger effect and reduce side effects.

An alpha-2 agonist blood pressure medication also used as a non-stimulant for ADHD, acting on ion channels in neurons.

An SSRI medication mentioned as an example, potentially used for anxiety or rigidity in children with autism.

A brand name for a bisphosphonate drug used to treat or prevent osteoporosis by slowing bone loss.

A brand name for a bisphosphonate drug used to treat or prevent osteoporosis, known for its efficacy in increasing BMD and reducing fracture risk.

A brand name for a bisphosphonate drug prescribed for osteoporosis to increase bone density and reduce fracture rates.

Another class of drugs for bone health, less discussed by the speaker.

A synthetic version of PTH, another class of drugs used for bone health, less discussed by the speaker.

Used in a mouse study to induce paralysis and observe bone loss, then tested with a bisphosphonate.

An ancient drug primarily used for gout, now repurposed and FDA approved for reducing heart attack risk in individuals with prior heart attacks, especially those with diabetes, due to its anti-inflammatory properties.

A TNF inhibitor successfully used to treat a Castleman's patient named Al in Vancouver, leading to a two-year remission and publication in the New England Journal of Medicine.

A compound found in black licorice that significantly increases cortisol levels by inhibiting the enzyme 11 beta HSD. Caution is advised for its use due to potential blood pressure effects.

An alternative treatment for acne involving applying alpha aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to the skin, incubating it, and then activating it with red light to shut down oil glands and reduce inflammatory acne.

An NMDA antagonist, also known as DXM, often found in cough syrup and associated with 'robo-tripping'.

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, another class of early antidepressants, mentioned alongside tricyclics as ways to augment serotonin.

Drugs that should not be taken during breastfeeding.

A stimulant present in older pre-workouts like Jack3d, which led to strong effects and sometimes false positive drug tests.

A class of drugs like ibuprofen that emerged as a safer alternative to opioids for pain relief, without addictive properties, though they have their own side effects.

A chemical weapon developed by Fritz Haber's team, used effectively and lethally against Allied soldiers by sinking into trenches.

An antibiotic with an increased risk of causing hearing loss.

A diuretic that can cause hearing loss.

Chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat cancer that are toxic to the ear and auditory neurons.

An EPA-only ethyl ester prescription omega-3 indicated for reducing cardiovascular events, with FDA stating it does not cause clinically significant bleeding.

A formulation of EPA + DHA free fatty acids (not ethyl esters), used in the Strength study. Designed for better absorption but potentially caused GI irritation, possibly contributing to the study's negative results.

An FDA-approved eye drop that constricts the pupil to a smaller circle, creating a pinhole effect to correct refractive errors and improve near/far vision.

Cannabis, regardless of consumption method, has been shown to lower eye pressure, but the effect is transient, requiring constant use to be effective for glaucoma.

Artificial teardrops made from a patient's own blood serum, containing growth factors to help the ocular surface rejuvenate, especially in severe dry eye cases.

An mRNA COVID-19 vaccine discussed for its relative risks, including lymphadenopathy and a small signal for myocarditis and pericarditis.

An mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, given in 30 micrograms for human doses, and shown to have reduced efficacy against Delta variant infection but high efficacy against hospitalization.

A protein-based COVID-19 vaccine, mentioned in the context of containing the pre-fusion spike protein.

Vaccines that use messenger RNA technology to instruct cells to produce spike protein, leading to an immune response; designed to present the spike protein in its pre-fusion conformation.

An immunosuppressant medication, mentioned in the context of its use in hospitals for COVID-19 patients, which could potentially activate clinically silent parasitic infections.

An antiretroviral medication combination, studied in platforms like the TOGETHER trial, which was stopped because it did not find any improvement in COVID-19 outcomes.

An antidepressant medication currently being studied in clinical trials for its potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in treating COVID-19.

A COVID-19 vaccine largely used in European countries like the UK, included in studies on viral load and transmission.

A stimulant stack Tim Ferris used in high school wrestling to rapidly lose body fat, but which he now warns against due to its harsh effects and lack of biological free lunch.

Oral anti-inflammatory drugs that Tim Ferris tries to avoid due to systemic negative effects, preferring natural alternatives for pain management.

A class of sleep medications with potential neuroprotective effects relevant to Alzheimer's, which Tim is considering as an alternative to Trazodone. Kevin tried Belsomra but found it very expensive without insurance.

A mineralocorticoid hormone (made in the zona glomerulosa) involved in regulating electrolytes and water balance by interacting with the kidneys.

A hormone from the pituitary gland that instructs the adrenal gland to produce cortisol; synthetic versions are used in diagnostic tests.

Cited as an example of a medication that, if taken before bed, could be overly stimulating and disrupt sleep.

A compound with a brand name Zyrem, that can increase deep wave sleep, potentially aiding cellular cleanup in the brain, but is a controlled substance with risks.

A class of blood pressure medication that can inhibit melatonin secretion, potentially causing insomnia in patients.

A specific beta-blocker that inhibited melatonin secretion in one patient, leading to 30 years of insomnia, which was resolved with a low dose of melatonin.

A prescription sleep medication in the same class as Ambien, often sought for tapering by patients in CBT-I.

A drug that promotes insulin release from the pancreas, to which Dr. Snyder responds well, illustrating the importance of personalized therapy.

The antibiotic Dr. Snyder requested and took to treat suspected Lyme disease, which proved effective.

Antibiotic class that includes doxycycline, used for treating bacterial infections like Lyme disease.

Medications used to treat bacterial infections; Dr. Snyder's discussion of Lyme disease treatment and the impact of antibiotics on the microbiome.

A statin drug mentioned as an example of a pharmaceutical with a similar effect to red yeast rice, used for lowering ApoB.

A compound that activates the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, potentially killing cancer cells by forcing mitochondria to work and generate reactive species.

Approved under Emergency Use Authorization by the FDA for COVID-19, despite lacking control in initial studies, highlighting the need for rapid deployment in pandemics.

An antiviral medication found to be more efficacious early in the course of COVID-19 by preventing viral replication, with less benefit for patients on ventilators.

A COVID-19 vaccine using a chimpanzee adenovirus vector to deliver DNA into the nucleus, which is then transcribed into mRNA to produce viral proteins.

Strategies that remove senescent cells, currently being studied for their effects on epigenetic age, though the relationship is complex.

A Japanese flu drug showing promise as a potential COVID-19 treatment, working through similar mechanisms to chloroquine.

A psychedelic tryptamine, a serotonin agonist, known for inducing profound and rapid shifts in consciousness, leading to a sense of ego dissolution and intense, overwhelming experiences.

A hallucinogenic cactus used in ancient healing ceremonies on the coast, as opposed to Ayahuasca in the Amazon.

A highly corrosive acid that can melt through materials like andesite, theorized by the speaker to have been used by the Inca for fusing stones.

A dopamine replacement drug used to treat Parkinson's disease, which can cause dyskinesias as a side effect.

A neurotoxin that was found to cause Parkinsonian symptoms, used as a model for studying the disease.

The standard of care treatment for Parkinson's disease, which replaces dopamine but does not slow disease progression.

A drug that saw a significant price increase from $13 to $750 per pill, illustrating concerns about drug pricing.

Medications used to reduce the conversion of testosterone to estrogen, sometimes prescribed alongside TRT to manage side effects like gynecomastia.

Mentioned as a potential longevity treatment, but with strong warnings about potential side effects like infertility.

Drugs that should not be taken during breastfeeding.

A molecule that blocks both SGLT2 and SGLT1 glucose transporters in the kidney, initially studied by Dr. DeFronzo for its potential to treat diabetes by inducing glucosuria.

The first SGLT2 inhibitor brought to market, whose development was influenced by Dr. DeFronzo's early work on phlorizin. Shown to lower glucose, improve insulin sensitivity, and beta cell function.

Another SGLT2 inhibitor mentioned alongside dapagliflozin for its ability to increase glucose excretion and improve glycemic control.

Another SGLT2 inhibitor mentioned that broadly does the same thing as other sglt2 inhibitors.

A dual SGLT2 and SGLT1 inhibitor drug.

A drug available in Europe (not US) that inhibits lipolysis, effectively lowering free fatty acid levels and improving insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial ATP generation.

A true insulin sensitizer drug that works by activating PPAR-gamma receptors, improving mitochondrial function, and redistributing fat, leading to improved metabolic outcomes despite causing weight gain.

An older biguanide drug that had a powerful effect on lactate levels, causing safety concerns and influencing the initial hesitation to bring metformin to the US.

A class of drugs in phase 2 development aimed at preserving or increasing muscle mass, particularly for sarcopenic adults. There are discussions about their functional benefits beyond just mass increase.

The second artificial sweetener, discovered in 1937, which was later banned in the U.S. due to bladder cancer in lab rats, though it is now considered safe for humans.

One of the two amino acids that make up aspartame; a normal and common amino acid consumed in high quantities in a typical diet.

A toxic alcohol that is produced in small amounts when aspartame is digested; also naturally present in many foods and produced endogenously in the body, but in much larger quantities than from aspartame.

Hypertension drugs that may increase ACE2 levels, potentially offering protection against severe COVID-19.

Hypertension drugs that may increase ACE2 levels, potentially offering protection against severe COVID-19.

Discussed positively for its amazing effects, with a policy statement indicating openness to legalization with proper controls.

A steroid medication used in combination with vitamin C and thiamine for sepsis treatment in one study, showing improved outcomes.

Shown to be a zinc ionophore in a cancer model. Also discussed for interfering with viral entry into cells.

The active form of Vitamin D, which protected animals from acute lung injury by balancing the renin-angiotensin system.

Mentioned as an example of a virus that can be passed via vertical transmission from mother to child.

An early, potent lipophilic statin that was widely used and contributed to early discussions about the differences in statin properties and potential brain fog side effects.

An early hydrophilic statin, contrasted with simvastatin, and was anecdotally considered safer due to early beliefs about its reduced ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, though later research suggests all statins cross.

A topical oil used by Tim Ferriss to reduce or eliminate muscle spasms without psychoactive effects.

Mentioned as a medication for gastroesophageal reflux that can lead to side effects like pneumonia and nutrient malabsorption.

A drug mentioned by Dark Humor as being on the IOC's banned substance list for performance enhancement.

Medications that can worsen breathing by loosening muscles and increasing resistance during sleep.

A statin medication mentioned by Stuart McGill as something his doctor considered prescribing for his cholesterol.

Human Growth Hormone used to regenerate the thymus gland.

A non-feminizing version of estrogen that is being worked on for Blueprint.

A dangerous biological material used as an analogy to discuss the need for restricted access to tools and knowledge capable of creating synthetic pathogens.

A medication that can cause elevated transaminases in some patients, potentially contributing to Peter Attia's slightly higher AST/ALT.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterial infection that led to antibiotic use and subsequent gut issues for one of the speakers.

A medication mentioned as being used for childhood bedwetting, related to vasopressin.

Stimulant medication prescribed to Barton's younger son for ADHD, which suppressed his appetite.

A synthetic thyroid hormone prescribed for hypothyroidism.

A prescription medication derived from porcine thyroid glands, used to treat hypothyroidism.

A stimulant medication used for ADHD, part of the methylphenidate class, available in various formulations with different release mechanisms.

A stimulant medication in the methylphenidate class, used for ADHD, noted for differing responses compared to other methylphenidate brands based on release mechanisms.

Another stimulant medication in the methylphenidate class, used for ADHD, with an extended-release mechanism.

A stimulant medication, part of the amphetamine class, used for ADHD, known since the 1930s.

A pro-drug in the amphetamine class used for ADHD, which requires metabolic cleavage to become active.

A stimulant medication in the amphetamine class used for ADHD.

A chemotherapy drug used to cure Burkitt's lymphoma.

An alpha-2 agonist blood pressure medication also used as a non-stimulant for ADHD, acting on ion channels in neurons.

An SSRI medication mentioned as an example, potentially used for anxiety or rigidity in children with autism.

A medication that may have its label updated to address the folate receptor issue potentially linked to autism.

The active ingredient in Tylenol, studied for its potential association with increased risk of autism and ADHD when taken during pregnancy.

A medication that some parents are considering for children with autism, with varying reported effectiveness depending on the severity of the condition.

An eye drop that blurs vision and is used as a cost-effective alternative to patching in treating amblyopia ('lazy eye') in children.

A non-cytotoxic anesthetic preferred over Lidocaine for certain procedures, and used topically for pain management during light therapy like IPL.

Used as part of a colonoscopy preparation, taken for six hours before a capsule endoscopy procedure.

A two-milligram testosterone patch used to supplement testosterone levels that dropped due to caloric restriction, restoring them to a normal range (800-900 ng/dL) to reduce the biological age of free testosterone index.

Compounds designed to clear out senescent (zombie) cells from the body, part of the Blueprint Protocol's advanced anti-aging strategies.

A prescription pill taken nightly to slowly increase desire in premenopausal women.

An injection taken 45 minutes before sex to provide a sudden increase in desire, primarily for premenopausal women.

A diagnosis that GPT-4 repeatedly provided incorrectly for a medical case when tested without proper prompting techniques.

Toxins produced by molds that can cause chronic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and contribute to neurodegeneration.

Another statin medication mentioned by Stuart McGill as something his doctor considered prescribing.

A class of drugs used in cancer treatment that can be combined with fasting.

The generic name for Ritalin, a stimulant used to treat ADHD.

A chemical the body makes that turns on inflammation. Used in cancer and for treating Hepatitis C, it can induce clinical depression, suicidal thoughts, and hopelessness in a significant proportion of people.

A signal coming from the liver thought to play a role in energy balance, though its full impact is still being understood.

A gut hormone mentioned in the context of food intake regulation.

A gut hormone mentioned in the context of food intake regulation.

A gut hormone mentioned in the context of food intake regulation.

A blood thinner that the speaker had to inject daily during her second pregnancy to manage her condition.

A pathway targeted by an FDA-approved drug (Vyleesi) to enhance libido in females; removing its signaling in mice impacts sexual behavior in both sexes.

A peptide in the hypothalamus that regulates puberty; mutations in its receptor can block puberty in humans and mice. It is also used as a peptide for libido enhancement in some subcultures.

The first gene therapy developed and approved in the US for an eye disease (LCA2), delivering a missing gene to eye cells.

Also known as DMT, a psychedelic compound found in numerous plants, acting as a serotonin 2A receptor agonist.

A psychedelic compound found in peyote and San Pedro cacti, belonging to the phenethylamine class.

Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators mentioned as an alternative approach to building muscle that did not pan out as hoped by pharmaceutical companies, hinting at potential interest in Follistatin therapies.

Class of antibiotics that increase the rate of tendon rupture by about 3.5 fold.

A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that increases tendon rupture risk.

Class of drugs, like sartans (e.g., Losartan), taken by over 15 million Americans daily, that increase the rate of tendon rupture by 7.6 fold.

Anabolic steroid mentioned as part of a cocktail of performance-enhancing drugs.

An antimalarial drug and lysosomal inhibitor that was initially thought to inhibit autophagy in cancer treatment, but its mechanism is broader than just autophagy inhibition.

A highly concentrated form of cannabis, mentioned to illustrate the difference between traditional plant use and concentrated products.

A class of blockbuster weight loss drugs, originally derived from the saliva of the Gila monster, used to control glucose and promote satiety.

A metabolite of mitragynine (the major alkaloid in kratom) that is chemically produced and sold in commerce, acting as a pure opioid equivalent in activity and causing respiratory depression.

An opioid antagonist that can reverse the respiratory depression caused by 7-hydroxy mitragynine, confirming its opioid receptor involvement.

A gold-standard opioid use disorder treatment, used to help individuals get off kratom, although its efficacy for kratom's complex pharmacology is debated.

An opioid used as a treatment for opioid use disorder, sometimes prescribed to help individuals withdraw from kratom.

A very potent neurotoxin that inhibits acetylcholine release, used clinically for muscle spasms, migraines, and cosmetic purposes.

A substance sought by Chinese alchemists for immortality.

A compound derived from Indian tobacco (Lobelia inflata) that was studied as a respiratory stimulant and potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease.

A potent, non-nitrogen containing terpenoid hallucinogen from Salvia Divinorum, known to cause dysphoria by interacting with kappa opioid receptors.

An opioid medication used for moderate pain relief and cough suppression, used as a benchmark for mitragynine's analgesic efficacy.

An opioid pain medication Peter became physically dependent on following a back injury, highlighting the rapid onset of physical dependence.

A benzodiazepine similar to Xanax, also having a risk of severe withdrawal. It was mentioned as an older treatment.

An opioid receptor blocker used to treat alcohol use disorder by making alcohol less reinforcing, and also for opioid addiction.

A deterrent medication for alcohol addiction that causes severe illness if alcohol is consumed, requiring strong patient commitment.

A seizure medication found to be helpful off-label for binge eating disorder and later for alcohol use disorder.

A medication for opioid addiction that is an evidence-based intervention, despite being an opioid itself, it helps stabilize the pleasure-pain balance without intoxication.

A cyanide-based insecticide developed at Haber's post-WWI institute. Modified by the Nazis, it was later used as a poison gas in extermination camps during the Holocaust.

A class of common antibiotics that work by inhibiting type 2 topoisomerase in bacteria, preventing replication.

A GHRP peptide, grouped with GHRP-6, known for its impactful effects on hunger.

A drug used for hair growth, noted for its effectiveness but potential side effects and unpredictable dosing.

A commonly used SARM, also known as VK5211, currently in phase two trials for hip fracture patients.

A more selective stereoisomer of Clomid, aimed at acting as a pure estrogen receptor antagonist in the hypothalamus with fewer side effects, but not FDA approved.

A testosterone derivative, commonly used in bodybuilding and historically for horses, but never had human use.

Still used to interact with SHBG, noted as one of the most potent drugs for this purpose.

A type of heparin injection, used by Peter Attia for DVT prevention during flights until an adverse injection experience.

A topical treatment for hair loss, generally considered safer and more predictable than oral minoxidil.

A well-known SARM that has not achieved FDA approval but is used by women bodybuilders to bridge between natural and steroid use without virilization.

A refined anabolic steroid, highly prized among athletes for its anabolic properties without significant androgenic side effects, and ability to lower SHBG.

Compounds like Clomid and Tamoxifen that interact tissue-specifically with estrogen receptors, serving as the conceptual basis for SARMs.

An orally bioavailable GHRP (peptide) known for significantly increasing hunger and IGF-1 levels. Used off-label for GH deficient children.

A GHRH peptide, often combined with a DAC (drug affinity complex) to extend its half-life.

An experimental topical anti-androgen used by Derek for hair loss, not FDA approved but with new alternatives emerging with better safety data.

Discussed as a 'fountain of youth elixir' used by pro athletes, but also noted for being cost-prohibitive. Derek used it in his bodybuilding past.

An anabolic steroid used by bodybuilders, noted for water retention and its historical prescription for muscle wasting.

A compounded form of methylprednisolone which, when administered from a contaminated batch, caused a fungal meningitis outbreak killing hundreds.

A compound developed by Kintor, noted as a promising topical anti-androgen for hair loss with good safety data.

A GHRP peptide with significant impact on hunger, considered by Derek as one of the 'worst' for appetite stimulation. Used by bodybuilders to force food intake.

A PP delta agonist, initially showed good results for lipid management and acts as an 'exercise mimetic', but was cancelled after rodent studies showed it caused cancer at every dose.

A refined DHT derivative, considered a pure protein accretion compound with less burdensome androgenic profile, often skewing towards anabolic activity.

A peptide produced endogenously in the gut, noted for angiogenic properties useful for injury healing, but with concerns about cancer cell proliferation if used proactively.

A compound from the Salvia divinorum plant, acting on the kappa-opioid pathway, which produces dissociative effects but typically not mystical ones, and is short-acting.

Drugs like Arimidex used to reduce estrogen conversion from testosterone, often used preventative in bodybuilding but with potential negative health consequences.

A type of drug that slows down the metabolism of DMT in the gut, extending its duration of action and making it comparable to psilocybin when consumed in Ayahuasca.

A CYP17 inhibitor that prevents androgen production not only in the testicles but also in the adrenal glands, leading to deeper testosterone suppression for metastatic prostate cancer.

A third-generation alpha blocker for LUTS, focusing on prostate relaxation with minimal sexual side effects.

One of the earliest categories of antidepressants discovered, working by increasing norepinephrine levels, but with significant side effects.

A third-generation alpha blocker used to treat LUTS, known for less impact on sexual dysfunction and semen production.

An oral testosterone medication available in the UK and US (approved 2022), taken twice a day with a meal.

A birth control pill form that helps with PMDD symptoms.

An older, first-generation GLP-1 (Gen 1) receptor agonist, part of the triple therapy in the EDI Study and Qatar study, described as effective despite its age.

A class of drugs that increase endogenous GLP-1 and GIP levels, but are not strong enough to provide a long-lasting effect, as shown in the GRADE study.

A new GLP-1 agonist from Novo Nordisk, mentioned as part of the pipeline of even more effective drugs coming soon.

A drug that removes amyloid beta from the brain, potentially part of a cocktail therapy for Alzheimer's disease alongside Klotho.

A drug that removes amyloid beta from the brain, potentially part of a cocktail therapy for Alzheimer's disease alongside Klotho.

Not mentioned in the transcript.

Mentioned in the context of Lance Armstrong and Tour de France, used as an analogy for societal pressures to conform to potentially unhealthy norms.

Mentioned for affecting mate selection, ovulation earnings in strippers, and potentially leading to partners with similar genetics.

A thyroid hormone receptor agonist showing promise in phase three clinical trials for MASLD, targeting fibrosis and steatosis.

An FXR Agonist that was the first approved treatment for primary biliary cholangitis, now also explored for MASLD.

A complex natural product molecule (cancer drug), used as a reference for high molecular complexity in assembly theory experiments.

A SGLT2 inhibitor drug that has succeeded in the ITP.

A new antidepressant drug approved in late 2023/early 2024 that has similar antidepressant functions but does not affect food or sex drive significantly, representing progress in drug engineering to reduce side effects.

An anti-smoking drug mentioned to illustrate that some medications can have severe adverse effects if used while continuing the targeted behavior (smoking).

Highly addictive stimulant drug, mentioned for severe withdrawal symptoms and comparison to sugar cravings.

Class of stimulant drugs, discussed for their high dopamine impact, psychological addictiveness, and role in ADHD treatment.

An immune biologic drug costing $50,000 a year, which a patient was able to stop taking after functional medicine treatment.

An FDA-approved prescription drug for heavy metal chelation.

A historical intravenous solution containing a 50/50 mixture of L-lactate and D-lactate. Using only L-lactate is considered an improvement.

A painkiller mentioned in the context of Josh Peck's struggles with substance use, where drinking alcohol could lead to its use.

Mentioned as a direct strategy that can help discipline capacity by increasing the ability to overcome focus obstacles.

A prescription-strength mouthwash that, with chronic use, can damage nitrate-reducing bacteria and potentially increase blood pressure.

A treatment strategy for opioid use disorder using methadone to restore a level balance in the brain.

An antidepressant medication that Dr. Lembke initially prescribed to a patient who was actually suffering from opioid addiction.

A non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that can lower body temperature, mentioned as a pharmacological alternative to cooling.

An autoimmune disease affecting the thyroid gland, which Dr. Cole notes is a common condition among his patients.

An atomoxetine-based medication for ADHD, described as working more slowly than amphetamine products but still effective.

A prescription peptide that stimulates growth hormone release, often referred to as a secretagogue or mimic.

Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine, mentioned as not containing Thimerosal in a debate context.

A drug analogous to methamphetamine, produced in Syria and sent throughout the Middle East, contributing to addiction issues.

The generic name for Zyrtec, used as a comparison drug in a study on spirulina's efficacy for allergic rhinitis.

An antihistamine medication that the speaker takes regularly during allergy season.

A cytokine that acts as 'candy and fuel' for T-cells, used in early immunotherapy to promote T-cell proliferation but only effective in a small percentage of melanoma and kidney cancer patients.

The first anti-CTLA-4 drug discussed, shown to extend median survival in metastatic melanoma.

An anti-PD-1 drug that emerged shortly after Ipilimumab, shown to be even more effective in treating metastatic melanoma with a greater response rate.

Vaccine for influenza, offering protection against certain strains and reducing symptom severity, recommended for immunocompromised individuals or those with high exposure risk.

Vaccine mentioned in the context of pharmaceutical companies continuing corrupt practices after paying penalties for other drugs.

Early vaccine alleged to have contained SV40 virus, leading to an explosion of soft tissue cancers, despite efficacy against polio.

Simian virus 40, a carcinogenic material alleged to have been present in early polio vaccines.

Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine, discussed as causing numerous injuries, leading to its discontinuation in the US and Europe, but still given in Africa.

Mercury-based preservative in some vaccines, discussed in the context of scientific debate.

A drug that blocks aromatase, used in treating estrogen-dependent conditions.

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, a prescription drug used to increase fertility by stimulating testosterone and estrogen production.

An artificial sweetener linked to increased cancer incidence in the NutriNet-Santé cohort study.

An FDA-approved drug for blood pressure in humans, showed a small increase in lifespan in mice in ITP studies.

Used in humans to improve vaccine responses to influenza vaccination in some circumstances.

An over-the-counter antihistamine and seasickness remedy, found to significantly increase lifespan in male mice (about 10%) in a recent ITP paper, potentially via TOR inhibition.

Testosterone gel, mentioned in the context of traders using it to boost testosterone levels and potentially influence market behavior.

An FDA-approved medical food for dementia, based on medium-chain triglycerides.

A paralytic agent used during intubation for anesthesia.

A paralytic agent mentioned as part of the anesthesia protocol Dr. Catena learned from a book.

An older drug for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) that Dr. Catena wishes he had access to.

Anti-estrogen pills that work in postmenopausal women by blocking estrogen production from non-ovarian tissues.

A traditional, potent IV chemotherapy drug, also known as 'the Red Devil', used in breast cancer treatment.

A taxane-type chemotherapy drug commonly used in breast cancer treatment.

A checkpoint inhibitor used in immunotherapy, particularly effective in triple-negative breast cancers.

A second anti-HER2 drug often added for higher-risk HER2-positive breast cancers.

A derivative of trastuzumab used for HER2-positive breast cancer patients with residual disease after neo-adjuvant therapy, improving prognosis.

A new class of oral targeted drugs that slow tumor proliferation, used in high-risk cancers.

A disease that significantly reduced the population of Europe, weakening its resistance to the Yamnaya invasion.

A combo drug containing bempedoic acid and ezetimibe, used to lower ApoB levels.

A statin recommended as a potential option with fewer side effects.

A statin where maximum efficacy is achieved at a low dose (e.g., 5mg), with higher doses primarily increasing side effects.

A substance that Nolan Williams published a paper on, showing astounding results for PTSD and TBI.

A medication for smoking cessation mentioned as being comparable in effectiveness to hypnosis.

An antidepressant and smoking cessation aid mentioned as being comparable in effectiveness to hypnosis.

Mentioned as something that people avoid in breath holding because it dulls the 'gasp reflex'.

A 5-alpha reductase inhibitor (5ARI) that blocks the conversion of testosterone to DHT, used to reduce prostate size in BPH and for hair loss (Propecia).

A 5-alpha reductase inhibitor (5ARI) more potent than finasteride in blocking DHT conversion, used for BPH treatment and studied for prostate cancer prevention.

A newer class of drugs that relax bladder muscles, effectively treating urinary frequency and urgency with fewer side effects than older antimuscarinics.

A lower-dose formulation of finasteride (1 mg/day) used to treat hair loss.

A type of ADT that initially causes a surge in testosterone before shutting down the system, leading to long-term testosterone suppression.

Oral ADT agents that quickly suppress testosterone without an initial surge, allowing for faster testosterone recovery after treatment cessation.

A novel hormonal therapy that is a competitive binder of the androgen receptor, used in metastatic prostate cancer, but can cause side effects like seizures and sleepiness.

A novel hormonal therapy that competitively binds to the androgen receptor, used in metastatic prostate cancer, with similar side effects to enzalutamide.

Medications used to treat severe eczema flares, noted as having potential negative side effects with long-term use.

The newest novel hormonal therapy in its class, known for being cleaner with less cognitive and seizure side effects due to its poor blood-brain barrier permeability.

A brand of 40 oz malt liquor Andrew would drink daily after school at 14-15 to cope with anxiety and HPPD.

A class of antidepressants, including fluoxetine (Prozac), mentioned in the context of depression treatment.

A disease that devastated indigenous populations in the Americas due to their lack of immunity after contact with Europeans.

A major disease that caused widespread death among indigenous populations in the Americas, wiping out an estimated 80% of the population due to lack of immunity.

A disease that contributed significantly to the depopulation of indigenous peoples in the Americas.

One of the major diseases brought by Europeans to the Americas that decimated native populations.

A biosimilar drug to Humira, offered at a significantly lower price through Cost Plus Drugs, but often excluded by PBMs due to lack of rebates.

An early synthetic testosterone derivative, known as 'the breakfast of champions' and for its water-retentive properties.

An anabolic steroid with aggressive dosing known for virilization, discussed in the context of historical protocols.

Compounds designed to be tissue-specific, aiming for pure anabolic activity with minimal androgenic effects, but with a lower ceiling for muscle gain.

A type of medication that can increase uric acid levels, commonly used for high blood pressure.

A medication taken during fasting to manage rising uric acid levels, mentioned by the speaker.

Rand Paul questions the necessity of administering the Hepatitis B vaccine to two-day-old infants unless the mother is infected, citing concerns about waning immunity and potential for unnecessary administration.

Rand Paul states he would not give the COVID vaccine to his young child due to initial evidence showing children were not getting seriously ill, and criticizes institutions for dishonesty leading to vaccine hesitancy.

Engineered T-cells used in cancer immunotherapy, cited as an example of manipulating the immune system for therapeutic purposes.

A compound that activates pyruvate dehydrogenase and is being investigated as a cancer therapy, believed to kill cancer cells by activating mitochondria and pushing them to death.

A treatment that can reverse C. difficile colitis.

An androgen receptor inhibitor used in the treatment of prostate cancer, potentially beneficial in combination therapy.

A third-generation oral androgen receptor inhibitor used for prostate cancer treatment.

Hormonal therapy used for ER-positive breast cancer, which can have significant side effects like osteoporosis and induced menopause.

A diviner's sage containing Salvinorin A, which can produce dysphoric out-of-body experiences, studied by the host under clinical settings.

An HIV drug that was being considered as a potential COVID-19 treatment, discussed alongside hydroxychloroquine.

Part of the HIV drug combination Kaletra, discussed as a potential COVID-19 treatment.

A type of prescription antidepressant that can be used at lower doses when omega-3 fatty acids are supplemented.

A therapeutic agent used in the 70s that, while treating cancer, caused psychosis in patients due to its effect on the central nervous system.

A morphine-based pill released by Purdue Pharma, initially used for terminally ill patients in hospice care. It served as a precursor to OxyContin.

An emergency response tool used to save lives in overdose situations.

Dilated veins in the scrotum, affecting about 15% of all men (and 40% of infertile men), which impair temperature regulation and can be fixed to improve sperm count.

A highly effective treatment for erectile dysfunction, working 80-90% of the time, though men often have psychological fear of it.

A peptide Tim experimented with about 12 years ago, but feels out of date on the topic now.

A commercially available medication that can be injected into the corpus cavernosum to induce an erection.

Antidepressants that can be used off-label to prolong ejaculatory time, though they may have side effects like reduced libido and ED.

A component of microplastics and a known endocrine disruptor that mimics or blocks estrogen-like pathways and can affect androgen receptors.

A drug used to treat female sexual dysfunction, initially developed as an antidepressant, which increases sexual desire in women.

A pre-loaded injectable testosterone enanthate product using a 27-gauge needle for ease of use, costing more than compounded cypionate.

A mimetic for LH, used to stimulate Leydig cells to produce testosterone, preserving testicular volume and sperm production when used with exogenous testosterone. Was previously widely compounded but now restricted and costly.

Another endocrine disruptor often found in plastic products, even those labeled 'BPA-free,' with similar hormonal disruptive effects as BPA.

A compounded medication containing papaverine, phentolamine, and prostaglandin, injected into the penis to induce vasodilation and an erection for diagnostic ultrasounds or as a second-line ED treatment.

A Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM) used to increase endogenous testosterone by blocking estrogen receptors, but can have side effects like reduced libido and desire in men due to central estrogen receptor blockade.

The first FDA-approved treatment for Peyronie's disease in 2015, injected into the plaque to break down collagen and improve curvature.