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How to Control Your Metabolism by Thyroid & Growth Hormone

Andrew HubermanAndrew Huberman
Science & Technology3 min read107 min video
Apr 26, 2021|913,316 views|21,462|1,676
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TL;DR

Explore thyroid and growth hormone's role in metabolism, energy, and tissue repair with actionable tools.

Key Insights

1

Metabolism encompasses energy utilization for tissue growth and repair, not just calorie burning.

2

Thyroid hormone (T3) is crucial for energy utilization, tissue growth, and conversion of fats and sugars.

3

Sufficient iodine, selenium, and L-tyrosine are essential for healthy thyroid hormone production.

4

Growth hormone (GH) is released during slow-wave sleep and is vital for metabolism, fat loss, and tissue repair.

5

Actionable strategies to boost GH include optimizing sleep, exercise, sauna use, and specific amino acid supplementation.

6

Both thyroid and growth hormone are critical for brain function and cognitive health throughout life.

DEFINING METABOLISM AND THE BRAIN'S ENERGY NEEDS

Metabolism is the body's use of energy for growth, repair, and daily function. The brain is the largest energy consumer, accounting for about 75% of resting metabolic needs. While physical activity increases energy expenditure, basic cognitive function is the primary driver of basal metabolic rate. Thyroid and growth hormones are key regulators of overall metabolism, influencing body composition, tissue repair, and cognitive maintenance.

THE ROLE OF THYROID HORMONE IN METABOLISM

Thyroid hormone, primarily T3, significantly impacts metabolism by promoting the utilization and conversion of energy sources like fats and sugars into ATP. It acts on various tissues, including muscle, liver, and bone, to facilitate energy use and tissue growth. Sufficient iodine, L-tyrosine, and selenium are critical precursors for thyroid hormone synthesis. Ensuring adequate intake of these nutrients, often through iodized salt, seafood, or specific foods like Brazil nuts, supports healthy thyroid function.

THYROID HEALTH AND DIETARY CONSIDERATIONS

While many diets are perceived as 'clean,' certain dietary patterns can inadvertently lead to iodine deficiency. Individuals on low-iodine diets, such as those avoiding processed foods or specifically limiting sea-based foods, may need to ensure adequate intake. Conversely, excessive consumption of cruciferous vegetables can interfere with thyroid hormone function, necessitating a balance. Maintaining adequate iodine, L-tyrosine, and selenium is crucial for supporting thyroid hormone production and its metabolic roles, including anti-inflammatory effects.

GROWTH HORMONE: SLEEP, REPAIR, AND FAT METABOLISM

Growth hormone (GH) is primarily released during slow-wave sleep, with blood insulin and glucose levels needing to be relatively low for optimal secretion. GH is essential for tissue repair, muscle growth, bone health, and the mobilization of stored body fat for energy. As individuals age, GH production naturally declines, contributing to slower recovery and metabolic changes. Strategies to enhance GH release are key to counteracting these age-related effects.

ACTIONABLE STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE GROWTH HORMONE

Several behaviors can significantly increase growth hormone levels. Optimizing sleep hygiene, particularly aiming for deep, slow-wave sleep, is paramount. Avoiding food intake within two hours of bedtime helps maintain low insulin and glucose levels. Exercise, especially resistance training and endurance activities around 60 minutes long, combined with adequate warm-up and subsequent cooling, can boost GH significantly. Deliberate hyperthermia through sauna use, when performed safely, also shows dramatic increases in GH.

GROWTH HORMONE AND SUPPLEMENTATION WITH CAUTION

Supplementing with amino acids like arginine and ornithine can substantially increase growth hormone, though caution is advised due to potential side effects and interactions. L-citrulline may be a more effective precursor for arginine. Exercise protocols aiming for GH release should be mindful of duration and intensity to avoid counterproductive effects from elevated cortisol. While prescription growth hormone and peptide therapies exist, they carry risks and potential long-term consequences, emphasizing the importance of medical guidance.

Metabolism & Hormone Optimization Cheat Sheet

Practical takeaways from this episode

Do This

Ensure adequate intake of Iodine, Selenium, and L-Tyrosine to support thyroid hormone production.
Get sufficient slow-wave (deep) sleep, particularly in the early part of the night, for growth hormone release.
Keep blood insulin and glucose levels relatively low, especially before bedtime and exercise, to maximize growth hormone release.
Engage in high-intensity exercise (weight training or endurance) for 60-75 minutes after a proper warmup, aiming for near-failure but not absolute failure.
Cool down post-exercise to bring body temperature back to normal in order to enhance subsequent growth hormone release.
Consider very low-dose Melatonin (e.g., 500 micrograms) to shift sleep patterns towards more delta-wave activity.
Practice 20 minutes of traditional sitting meditation daily to potentially access slow-wave delta brain states and boost growth hormone.
Consider L-citrulline supplementation (after doctor consultation) for increasing arginine and growth hormone, being mindful of blood pressure effects.
Explore deliberate, safe hyperthermia (sauna) in cycles (e.g., 20 min sauna, 30 min cool-down, 20 min sauna) to drastically increase growth hormone, with extreme caution.

Avoid This

Do not rely on food shape as an indicator of its health benefits for specific organs.
Avoid eating within two hours of sleep to prevent suppression of growth hormone release.
Do not ingest sugary sports drinks or high-glucose foods immediately before or during exercise if growth hormone increase is a primary goal.
Avoid over-exercising (beyond 75 minutes of hard work) as it can elevate cortisol and inhibit testosterone/estrogen pathways, counteracting growth hormone benefits.
Do not assume constant or extremely high doses of supplements like Melatonin are beneficial; super-physiological doses can have negative effects.
Do not take high doses of arginine if you have a heart condition, or without understanding its blood pressure lowering and vasodilation effects.
Do not inject growth hormone or peptides without strict medical supervision, as it can shut down natural hormone production and pose other health risks, such as tumor growth.

Common Questions

Thyroid hormone (T3) and growth hormone are crucial for setting your overall metabolic rate. They increase the consumption and utilization of energy in cells for tissue growth and repair. Higher levels of these hormones are associated with a leaner body composition, stronger muscles and bones, and less body fat by facilitating the breakdown of fats and sugars for energy.

Topics

Mentioned in this video

Concepts
T4

A thyroid hormone, less active than T3, but converted into T3 for metabolic effects.

C-reactive protein

A marker of inflammation in the body, associated with heart and eye diseases, which iodine supplementation or sufficient dietary iodine can help reduce.

Thyroid gland

A butterfly-shaped gland near the Adam's apple that releases T4 and T3 hormones to stimulate metabolism in different tissues.

Preeclampsia

A serious condition involving seizures related to blood pressure issues during or around baby delivery, which selenium has been shown to reduce the risk of.

Ketogenic Diet

A diet that has been shown to slightly lower thyroid levels due to very low blood glucose, which can affect T3 and T4 production and lead to quick weight gain if carbohydrates are reintroduced abruptly.

Yoga Nidra

A non-sleep deep rest practice, not directly associated with inducing delta waves or slow-wave sleep.

Pituitary Gland

A brain area that receives signals from the hypothalamus's releasing hormones and in turn releases stimulating hormones into the bloodstream.

Selenium

A crucial mineral that enables L-tyrosine and iodine to interact for thyroid hormone production. Brazil nuts are a very rich source. Sufficient selenium is also linked to reduced preeclampsia and prostate cancer risk, and a reduction in acne.

Interleukin-6

An inflammatory cytokine, a catch-all for inflammation, whose circulating levels can be reduced by iodine supplementation.

Sauna

A practice of deliberate hyperthermia involving exposure to high heat (176-215 degrees F / 80-100 degrees C) for short periods, which can increase growth hormone release dramatically (up to 16-fold) and decrease cortisol.

Hypothalamus

A brain area that controls various basic functions like sexual behavior, temperature regulation, circadian behavior, and aggression.

T3

The active form of thyroid hormone, T3 promotes metabolism, utilization of energy, and the buildup of tissues, acting on muscle, liver, cartilage, and bone.

Acromegaly

A condition in people who overproduce growth hormone, leading to very large appendages and a ridging of the forehead, historically known as giantism.

binaural beats

An auditory phenomenon where two different frequencies played in each ear create a perceived third frequency, with existing apps claiming to induce delta waves, but lacking strong peer-reviewed scientific support.

IGF-1

A hormone released by the liver in response to growth hormone, responsible for improved memory and cognition after exercise, although not linked to neurogenesis in humans.

Supplements
Stevia

A non-caloric sweetener that, unlike some artificial sweeteners, does not appear to negatively impact the gut microbiome and can slightly improve insulin management.

Iodine

An essential nutrient, primarily found in sea salt, kelp, and seaweed, required by the thyroid to produce T3 and T4 hormones. Sufficient intake is crucial for healthy metabolism and can reduce C-reactive protein and IL-6.

Lion's Mane mushroom

A type of mushroom found in Four Sigmatic coffee, shown to have a slight anxiolytic effect and may lower symptoms of depression and offset cognitive decline.

Chaga Mushroom

A type of mushroom found in Four Sigmatic coffee, shown to have a slight anxiolytic effect.

Melatonin

A hormone often supplemented for sleep; however, low doses (around 500 micrograms) might be advantageous in shifting early night sleep towards more slow-wave deep sleep and improving growth hormone release, as higher doses can suppress reproductive hormones and puberty.

Arginine

An amino acid that can substantially increase growth hormone levels and dilate blood vessels. Effective doses range from 3-10 grams, but more than 9 grams can blunt effects, and high oral doses can cause GI disturbance. Exercise and arginine supplementation don't have synergistic effects on GH increases.

L-citrulline

A supplement that acts as a biological prerequisite for arginine and can lead to greater arginine increases than arginine itself, with powerful effects on vasodilation and potential increases in growth hormone. It also lowers blood pressure and reduces fatigue.

Ipamorelin

A peptide, mentioned as an example of compounds used in longevity or self-augmentation fields to stimulate hormone release.

L-Tyrosine

An amino acid found in meat and nuts, that combines with iodine in the thyroid to produce T3 and T4. It is also a precursor to dopamine.

Tesamorelin

A peptide, mentioned as an example of compounds used in longevity or self-augmentation fields to stimulate hormone release, some with clinical uses.

Ornithine

An amino acid that can increase growth hormone levels, but is less focused on nowadays compared to L-citrulline.

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