Beta-Alanine, Training Frequency, and Strength for Hypertrophy (Episode 59)

Stronger By ScienceStronger By Science
Sports3 min read148 min video
Jun 3, 2021|23,579 views|319|27
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Key Moments

TL;DR

Podcast covers beta-alanine research, training frequency, strength for hypertrophy, and exercise modifications.

Key Insights

1

New research suggests combining carnosine and anserine may offer acute benefits for high-intensity exercise with fewer side effects than carnosine alone.

2

Beta-alanine supplementation builds muscle carnosine over time; washout periods to baseline can take up to 16 weeks.

3

For well-trained individuals, training frequency has minimal impact on strength gains when total weekly volume is equated.

4

Increased strength capacity relative to muscle mass does not appear to significantly enhance future hypertrophy.

5

Modifying incline, range of motion, grip, and using tools like dumbbells or medicine balls can help manage pressing exercise-related pain.

6

Non-nutritive sweeteners, compared to sugar, are associated with modest body weight and BMI reductions and are comparable to water or no intervention.

ADVANCEMENTS IN SUPPLEMENTATION AND TRAINING RESEARCH

The episode kicks off with exciting Stronger By Science updates, including new coaches and a developing diet app. Eric Trexler delves into novel research on beta-alanine and related compounds. He explains that while beta-alanine builds long-term muscle carnosine for buffering, supplementing with a combination of carnosine and anserine might offer acute performance benefits with fewer side effects like paresthesia. This strategy aims to increase blood levels of these histidine-containing dipeptides before exercise, potentially enhancing performance during high-intensity efforts. The conversation also touches on the extensive washout period for beta-alanine, suggesting it takes around 16 weeks for muscle carnosine levels to return to baseline after cessation of supplementation.

TRAINING FREQUENCY AND STRENGTH'S ROLE IN HYPERTROPHY

Greg Nuckols presents research exploring the relationship between strength, hypertrophy, and training frequency. A meta-analysis indicates that for trained individuals, varying training frequency from once a week to nine times a week per lift has little to no impact on strength development, provided total weekly volume is equated. However, practical constraints may still favor higher frequencies for some individuals who benefit from higher total volumes. Furthermore, research presented suggests that while building muscle mass can increase strength potential, being stronger relative to one's muscle mass does not necessarily enhance future hypertrophy gains.

UNDERSTANDING EXERCISE STICKING POINTS AND MOVEMENT MODIFICATIONS

Further research insights include an analysis of the 'sticking region' in the back squat, highlighting that peak deceleration, where the least force is applied, defines the sticking point. This research indicates a shift towards more hip dominance and decreasing knee extensor contribution within this region. Practical advice is offered on modifying pressing exercises to manage elbow and shoulder pain. Techniques like incline presses with dumbbells, reduced range of motion on Smith machine presses, using dumbbell grips for push-ups, and single-arm medicine ball push-ups are suggested for safer and more effective pressing.

THE HISTORY AND IMPACT OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES

The podcast touches upon the historical context of strength training research, noting a significant paper cataloging studies from 1894 to 1979. It highlights trends in authorship, with single-author papers being common in older research compared to the multi-author papers prevalent today. This shift raises questions about the evolving nature of scientific collaboration and publication. The discussion also briefly covers a study on the impact of COVID-19 measures on training behaviors, finding that a large majority of individuals continued training despite gym closures, a testament to their dedication.

NON-NUTRITIVE SWEETENERS AND EXERCISE BEHAVIOR

A meta-analysis on non-nutritive sweeteners suggests they have a small positive impact on body weight and BMI, particularly when compared to sugar. The effects were comparable to water or no intervention. While the meta-analysis primarily included aspartame, a single study on sucralose showed a notable positive effect. The hosts emphasize that concerns about compensatory eating behavior or negative glycemic responses to artificial sweeteners are largely unsupported by longitudinal research, and they can be helpful tools for dietary adherence.

GENERAL FITNESS AND POTENTIAL PITFALLS

The episode's Q&A segment addresses the 'most ludicrous programming' seen, with hosts sharing personal anecdotes of extreme or ill-advised workouts. They also discuss the Presidential Fitness Awards, concluding that the program's discontinuation was likely a positive step, as it could create negative associations with exercise for some children and often lacked actionable follow-up interventions. The hosts suggest that strength and conditioning should ideally be opt-in activities focused on positive reinforcement and personalized programming, rather than mandatory, potentially shame-inducing tests.

Common Questions

Beta-alanine combines with histidine to form carnosine, which is stored in muscles. Carnosine facilitates pH buffering during high-intensity glycolytic exercise, helping to sustain performance in activities like sprints or short-rest period work lasting a few minutes to about 10 minutes.

Topics

Mentioned in this video

organizationDARPA

A funding body backed by the US armed services that provides grants for basic science research, hoping for military applications, famously funding the internet.

softwareInternet

Mentioned as probably the most well-known DARPA-funded thing.

mediaNBA Playoffs

Described as the best time of the year, a month and a half long celebration of the best things about sports, and having a very competitive first round.

toolMyFitnessPal

An existing nutrition logging app that Greg found clunky and annoying to use, leading to the development of their own app.

personSteffie Cohen

An excellent deadlifter, mentioned in comparison to Joy Ndomani's deadlift record, noted for her untested records.

supplementCarnosine

A dipeptide formed from beta-alanine and histidine, stored in human muscles for pH buffering and performance benefits, but rapidly broken down in blood via human serum carnosinase one.

personEmil Zátopek

A legendary Czechoslovakian distance runner, the only person to win the 5,000m, 10,000m, and marathon at the same Olympics (Helsinki, 1952), known for his unique training of 400m repeats.

organizationPresidential Council on Physical Fitness

The council responsible for establishing the battery of tests for the Presidential Physical Fitness Test, which was discontinued due to its ineffectiveness and negative impact on children.

organizationStronger by Science

The podcast and coaching platform entity, actively hiring new coaches and offering training and nutrition services.

locationAsheville

A city known for beer, mountains, and crystals, where a Clinical Athlete event was held.

toolWikipedia

A website used as a source for information about the discontinuation of the Presidential Physical Fitness Test.

companyBulkSupplements.com

An online retailer for supplements, offering a 5% discount with a specific code.

personTony Conyers

A former all-time world record holder in the 67.5 kg (148 lb) powerlifting class, who at 58 years old had the number four total all-time and set outlier performances.

supplementAnserine

A methylated analogue of carnosine that is less susceptible to breakdown by human serum carnosinase one, being studied for acute supplementation in combination with carnosine.

supplementTaurine

An amino acid that sometimes has concerns about competitive inhibition with beta-alanine, but recent research alleviated these concerns at typical dosing.

personRichard Berger

Cited as the most prolific author in strength training research between 1894 and 1979, with 12 first or sole author publications.

conceptCOVID-19

The pandemic that led to public health measures like gym shutdowns, impacting the training habits of many individuals.

organizationClinical Athlete

A very good organization focused on science-based physical therapy and rehab, offering a physical therapist locator tool.

personDerek Miles

A trusted individual whose talk on tendon rehab and strengthening emphasized load and resistance as key factors.

personJacob Green

A newly hired coach for Stronger by Science, a registered dietitian, and a master's student in Grant Tinsley's lab.

personJoy Ndomani

A 40-year-old competitive lifter in the 57kg weight class, holding the world record deadlift at 213.5 kg (471 lbs) and training with 227.5 kg (501 lbs).

supplementOphidine

Another histidine-containing dipeptide, mentioned along with carnosine and anserine.

supplementSodium Bicarbonate

A supplement that effectively facilitates buffering and elevates blood bicarbonate levels, considered a potentially more efficacious route for acute buffering than carnosine/anserine mixtures.

personSteven Larsson

A PhD student who has conducted novel biomechanics research on sticking points in squats and bench press, specifically documenting peak deceleration.

personPhilip Rash

Credited with nine first or sole author publications in strength training research between 1894 and 1979, making him the second most prolific after Richard Berger.

softwareMaintenance Phase

Another podcast by Michael(s) mentioned as a potential source for discussion on the Presidential Fitness Test, but it doesn't exist anymore.

personGrant Tinsley

A researcher known for cool body composition, nutrition, and metabolism work, frequently discussed on the podcast.

personRoger Harris

A pioneering researcher in creatine and beta-alanine literature, considered a 'big dog' in sport nutrition research, who mathematically modeled carnosine saturation.

personKarl Klein

A pioneer in strength training for knee rehab in the mid-20th century, who published six influential papers that unfortunately received very few citations during his lifetime.

supplementSucralose

A non-nutritive sweetener (brand name Splenda) for which only one study was included in the meta-analysis, but that study showed the largest positive effect size on body weight.

conceptTommy John Surgery

Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction surgery, increasingly common in young athletes, and controversially viewed as a 'plus' by some baseball recruiters for its durability after recovery.

personJames Steele

A researcher in the UK under whom Patroclus, a new Stronger by Science coach, is pursuing his PhD.

personMichael Estrella

A powerlifter whose record was beaten by Gerald Dionio by two kilograms.

personGreg Maddux

A famous baseball pitcher, whose style of pitching with good control but not necessarily high velocity is compared to Eric's self-proclaimed pitching prowess.

personGerald Dionio

A powerlifter who totaled 740 kg (1631 lbs) in the 67.5 kg (148 lb) weight class, setting a new raw with wraps untested world record.

bookAthletics Weekly

An article published in 1954 in this publication documented Emil Zátopek's insane monthly mileage.

personDwight Eisenhower

Former US President who initiated the Presidential Physical Fitness Test after being presented with discouraging fitness data comparing American and European children.

supplementBeta-Alanine

A supplement that combines with histidine to form carnosine, stored in muscles to facilitate pH buffering during high-intensity exercise.

supplementAspartame

A non-nutritive sweetener that is the subject of most research in the field, showing a small positive impact on body weight compared to sugar.

mediaVox

Online media organization that published an article titled 'A brief history of the bizarre and sadistic presidential fitness test', mentioned as a source of information.

supplementCreatine

A well-known supplement, mentioned alongside beta-alanine as a compound whose research Roger Harris pioneered.

productSplenda

A brand name for the artificial sweetener sucralose, which the speaker prefers generic versions of.

cityHelsinki

The city where the 1952 Olympics were held, where Emil Zátopek won three distance running gold medals.

mediaYou're Wrong About

A podcast mentioned as potentially having episodes on topics like the Presidential Fitness Test.

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