Key Moments

#94 – Mark Hyman, M.D.: The impact of the food system on our health and the environment

Peter Attia MDPeter Attia MD
People & Blogs4 min read111 min video
Jul 8, 2020|6,201 views|153|17
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TL;DR

Fixing the food system tackles chronic disease, healthcare costs, and environmental crises.

Key Insights

1

The food system is a primary driver of chronic disease, economic strain, climate change, and environmental degradation.

2

Processed foods negatively impact gut microbiome, metabolism, and brain function, contributing to widespread health issues.

3

Industrial agriculture practices, including heavy reliance on fertilizers and monocropping, are significant contributors to climate change and soil depletion.

4

Regenerative agriculture offers a scientifically-backed solution to restore soil health, sequester carbon, and improve food quality, potentially reversing climate change.

5

Government policies, subsidies, and marketing practices by large food corporations often perpetuate unhealthy food systems, necessitating systemic reform.

6

A shift towards regenerative agriculture, alongside policy changes and consumer awareness, is crucial for individual and planetary health.

THE MULTIFACETED CRISES DRIVEN BY THE FOOD SYSTEM

Dr. Mark Hyman asserts that the current food system is the root cause of numerous global crises, extending beyond individual health. It's identified as the leading driver of chronic diseases, affecting a majority of the population, and exacerbating economic stress, with conditions like diabetes alone costing trillions. Furthermore, the food system is a primary contributor to climate change, surpassing fossil fuels, and causes significant environmental degradation, including biodiversity loss. It also fuels social injustice, cognitive decline in children, health disparities, and even societal conflict, impacting national security and leading to potential widespread political instability due to climate refugees.

THE DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS OF PROCESSED FOODS

Highly processed foods, characterized by refined sugars, starches, and unhealthy fats, wreak havoc on human biology. These foods disrupt metabolic pathways, cause a rise in insulin, promote dangerous belly fat storage, increase hunger, and slow metabolism. They also hijack our energy homeostasis systems, leading to overconsumption. Beyond macronutrients, additives and chemicals in processed foods, such as refined soybean oil and BPA, have adverse metabolic consequences. This dietary pattern, which constitutes a significant portion of modern calorie intake, is not aligned with human biology and contributes to inflammation, mental health issues, and a disconnect between decision-making and impulse control.

THE GUT MICROBIOME AND INFLAMMATION

The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in overall health, and modern diets, low in fiber and high in sugar, severely damage it. This disruption leads to increased gut permeability, or 'leaky gut,' allowing bacterial products and food antigens to enter the bloodstream, triggering systemic inflammation. Factors like antibiotics, acid blockers, inflammatory drugs, and environmental toxins, particularly glyphosate, further compromise gut health. Emerging research highlights that a significant portion of our blood metabolites originate from the microbiome, influencing immunity, mitochondrial function, DNA, and brain chemistry. Restoring gut health, often through a whole-foods, plant-rich diet, is therefore essential.

REGENERATIVE AGRICULTURE AS A CLIMATE SOLUTION

Industrial agriculture practices have significantly degraded soil, a critical carbon sink. Practices like tilling release stored carbon into the atmosphere, contributing substantially to climate change. Regenerative agriculture, which focuses on restoring soil health through methods like cover cropping, crop rotation, no-till farming, and integrating animals, offers a powerful solution. Healthy soil, rich in organic matter, can sequester vast amounts of carbon, potentially reversing climate change. This approach not only mitigates climate volatility but also enhances water retention, prevents floods and droughts, and improves nutrient density in food, making farms more resilient and productive.

POLICY AND CORPORATE INFLUENCE ON THE FOOD SYSTEM

Large food corporations wield considerable influence over government policies through lobbying, often promoting processed foods and industrial agricultural practices. This influence can be seen in the USDA's support for commodity crops over fruits and vegetables, the inadequacy of SNAP program nutrition guidelines, and the allowance of harmful substances in food. Countries like Chile have implemented successful regulations, such as warning labels and soda taxes, demonstrating the potential for policy change. The tobacco industry's past struggles offer a playbook for confronting powerful food industry opposition and challenging marketing practices, especially those targeting children.

THE PROMISE AND PERILS OF MODERN AGRICULTURE

The development of hybrid and genetically modified (GM) crops, while increasing yields, has come with significant environmental and health costs.osate, a key chemical used in conjunction with GM crops, is increasingly linked to harmful human effects, including potential disruptions to the microbiome. Europe's approach of limiting GMOs and implementing different bread-making processes highlights potential alternatives and raises questions about the necessity and safety of current industrial practices in the US. Furthermore, the focus on a few staple crops has led to a dramatic loss of biodiversity, impacting food security and ecosystem stability.

TRANSFORMING THE FOOD SYSTEM THROUGH ACTION

Addressing the systemic issues within the food system requires a multi-pronged approach. This includes policy reform, such as making food an integral part of healthcare reimbursement and reforming dysfunctional government food policies like SNAP and school lunches. Supporting regenerative agriculture through government incentives and business innovations is crucial. Consumers can also drive change by making conscious food choices, supporting local farmers markets, and advocating for policy changes. Efforts like the Food Policy Action group rate politicians on their food and agriculture voting records, empowering citizens to influence systemic transformation for a healthier future.

Carbon Emissions Comparison: Impossible Burger vs. Regenerative Beef vs. Factory Farmed Beef

Data extracted from this episode

ProductCarbon Emissions/Removal (kg)
Impossible BurgerAdds 3.5 kg
Regeneratively Raised Beef BurgerRemoves 3.5 kg
Conventional Factory Farm Beef BurgerAdds ~50 kg (significantly less than Impossible Burger removal but still adds)

Common Questions

The food system is a primary driver of chronic disease, economic stress (e.g., healthcare costs for diabetes), climate change (more than fossil fuels), massive environmental degradation, and social injustice due to health and academic disparities.

Topics

Mentioned in this video

Organizations
Buck Institute for Research on Aging

An institute mentioned by Mark Hyman where researchers are developing new panels of inflammatory biomarkers, more specific and sensitive for assessing inflammatory responses related to aging and diet.

Costa Rica

A country that pays its farmers for ecosystem services like producing more soil, conserving water, and increasing biodiversity.

Environmental Working Group

An organization that produces the 'Dirty Dozen' and 'Clean Fifteen' guides, helping consumers identify produce with high and low pesticide contamination.

American Diabetes Association

An organization criticized for still recommending diets high in carbohydrates, despite evidence linking them to diabetes.

FDA

Government agency criticized for confusing food labels, allowing antibiotics in animal feed, and permitting substances banned in other countries to be in the US food supply.

Kiss the Ground

A group working to promote and consult with governments on regenerative agriculture, aiming to transform the agricultural system and restore ecosystems.

Time Magazine

Mentioned as having published an article where Democratic candidates in Iowa discussed how farmers' livelihoods were being destroyed, prompting interest in regenerative agriculture.

New York Times

Newspaper that exposed the 'Global Energy Balance Network' as a front group funded by Coca-Cola, leading to its disbandment.

Carbon Underground

A group working to promote and consult with governments on regenerative agriculture, aiming to transform the agricultural system and restore ecosystems.

FTC

Government agency that regulates airwaves and is criticized for allowing unrestricted marketing of junk food to children.

American Beverage Association

An organization that used subversive tactics, including ballot measures and legislative pressure, to prohibit future taxes on soda and junk food in California.

USDA

Government agency responsible for many food and agricultural policies, including dietary and school lunch guidelines and the SNAP program, often criticized for misaligned funding and policies.

Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine

Organization where Mark Hyman works as a director, focusing on functional medicine approaches to health, including food's role in disease and healing.

Chile

A country that implemented strict food policies including soda taxes, warning labels, and marketing restrictions to combat obesity, showing tremendous improvements.

United Nations

Estimates that 200 million to 1 billion climate refugees will exist within decades and highlights the potential of regenerative agriculture to combat climate change.

Food Policy Action Group

A group that rates senators and congressmen on their voting records concerning food and agriculture policy, enabling citizens to be politically active.

Government Accountability Office

Office requested by Tim Ryan and Mark Hyman's colleague to analyze disparate government policies affecting public and economic health, particularly regarding food.

People
James Hill

A legitimate scientist who was co-opted by Coca-Cola and received funding to promote the 'energy balance' mantra, suggesting all calories are equal.

Michelle Bachelet

A pediatrician who was elected Vice President of the Senate and President of Chile. She spearheaded regulations against the food industry to combat high obesity rates.

Michael Bloomberg

Mentioned as having provided $30 million for assessing the impact of Chile's food policies, particularly soda taxes.

Jerry Brown

Former Governor of California who was pressured by the American Beverage Association to enact a pre-emptive law prohibiting future taxes on soda or junk food in the state.

Dariush Mozaffarian

A colleague from Tufts University who worked with Mark Hyman and Tim Ryan on getting a Government Accountability Office analysis of food policies.

Wes Jackson

Developed 'Kernza' wheat in the Midwest, a perennial, nutrient-dense grain with deep roots, representing a new form of regenerative wheat.

Tim Ryan

Worked with Mark Hyman and a colleague from Tufts to request an analysis from the Government Accountability Office on the impact of disparate food policies.

David Perlmutter

Neurologist and author of 'Brain Wash', who discusses how an inflammatory diet can uncouple the prefrontal cortex and amygdala, leading to poor decision-making.

Barry Popkin

From UNC, worked with Chile on developing their food policies to combat obesity and assessed their impact.

Rona Applebaum

A top VP at Coca-Cola, who orchestrated the strategy to create the 'Global Energy Balance Network' to counter vilification of soda and sugar.

Gabe Brown

A North Dakota farmer who transformed his 5,000-acre farm using regenerative agriculture, building 29 inches of soil and increasing his profit significantly by eliminating chemical inputs.

Paul Hawken

Author of 'Drawdown' and 'Regenerate,' who identifies food-related solutions as top strategies for reversing climate change.

Mark Hyman

Family physician, New York Times best-selling author, and director of the Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine. He is dedicated to addressing chronic disease by fixing the food system.

Pat Brown

A prominent scientist and professor, founder of Impossible Foods, who argues for getting rid of all meat, even regenerative, to protect the environment.

Norman Borlaug

Scientist who won the Nobel Prize for inventing dwarf wheat, which significantly increased crop yields but had unintended consequences for health and nutrient density.

Jeffrey Bland

A friend of Mark Hyman who is developing pseudo phytochemical-rich foods and discovered Himalayan buckwheat as a highly nutritious superfood.

Companies
Monsanto

Agrochemical company (now part of Bayer) criticized for pushing industrial agriculture products like seeds, fertilizers, and glyphosate, and for its influence on government policy.

Mills

A large food company that committed a million acres to regenerative agriculture due to consumer demand, showing a shift towards more sustainable practices.

Farmland LP

A private equity company that buys conventional farms, converts them to regenerative agriculture, and achieves high double-digit returns while providing significant environmental benefits.

PepsiCo

A large beverage and food company that is exploring how to make its supply chain more regenerative.

Great Plains Laboratory

A lab that offers urine tests to check glyphosate levels, which Mark Hyman used to test his own exposure.

Home Depot

Mentioned as a retail store where it was surprisingly difficult to find a compost box, highlighting the lack of mainstream availability for such sustainable tools.

Unilever

A large food company mentioned as beginning to address issues related to sustainable food systems.

Yara International

One of the big fertilizer companies that utilizes a significant amount of natural gas to produce fertilizers, contributing to methane release and soil destruction.

Gatorade

Mentioned as an example of a product that the food industry promotes as healthy despite its high sugar content.

Danone

A large food company shifting its product lines and supply chain focus to regenerative agriculture in response to consumer demand.

Bayer

Company that acquired Monsanto, inheriting the criticisms associated with industrial farming practices and products like glyphosate.

Mariposa Ranch

An example of a regenerative farm in California that allows consumers to buy high-quality, regeneratively raised meat at a reasonable price by purchasing half a cow with friends.

Coca-Cola

Company that funded the 'Global Energy Balance Network' to promote the idea that all calories are the same, masking the impact of their sugary products on public health.

Beyond Meat

The company that produces the 'Beyond Burger,' a pea-based plant alternative to meat.

Alinea

An anti-parasitic medication mentioned by Mark Hyman that successfully treated a patient with chronic stomach issues caused by a common parasite.

Mosaic Company

One of the big fertilizer companies that utilizes a significant amount of natural gas to produce fertilizers, contributing to methane release and soil destruction.

Nestle

A large food company reformulating products and shifting towards sustainable, regenerative initiatives.

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