Responders, Non-Responders, and Fish Oil (Episode 61)

Stronger By ScienceStronger By Science
Sports4 min read134 min video
Jul 1, 2021|5,836 views|161|25
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Key Moments

TL;DR

Fish oil helps recovery, but not muscle growth. Responders/non-responders aren't reliable. Baseball is exciting.

Key Insights

1

Fish oil supplementation shows evidence of aiding recovery from exercise and improving muscle function restoration, but not muscle hypertrophy or strength.

2

The concept of classifying individuals as high, moderate, or low responders to training lacks reliability for high-intensity interval training and potentially other exercise modalities.

3

Recent feats of strength include Tom Stoltman winning World's Strongest Man, Ryan Crouser breaking the shot put world record, and Taylor Atwood setting new powerlifting totals.

4

There's a growing emphasis on the statistical and methodological rigor in psychological research, with critiques of popular concepts like the Dunning-Kruger effect.

5

Baseball has become significantly more interesting due to exceptional performances from Shohei Ohtani and Jake deGrom, and the prevalence of sticky substances used by pitchers.

6

Regular high-dose use of NSAIDs, high-dose vitamin C/E, and potentially high-dose antihistamines may blunt training adaptations in healthy young individuals.

UPDATES ON PERSONAL PROGRESS AND NEW SEGMENTS

The 'Good News' segment of the podcast has been suspended due to a perceived shift towards neutral or negative news. It will be replaced by Greg's 'Road to the Stage' segment, where he provides updates on his weight loss journey. Greg highlights a personal win in maintaining a caloric deficit despite less-than-ideal dietary circumstances, focusing on consistent small progress over drastic changes. Eric introduces his own 'Road to Enlightenment' journey into secular Buddhism, which has led him to adopt a meat-free diet and simplify his culinary practices, suspending his usual elaborate recipe content.

ATHLETIC FEATS AND RECORD-BREAKING PERFORMANCES

Recent feats of strength include Tom Stoltman's first World's Strongest Man title, narrowly defeating Brian Shaw. In track and field, Ryan Crouser shattered the shot put world record, previously held since 1991, by a significant margin. Powerlifting saw remarkable performances, notably Taylor Atwood breaking his own world record total in the 74kg class, achieving the first 600+ Wilkes total in drug-tested competition. Heather Connor also set a new record in her weight class. Impressive lifts from Bryce Lewis and Jamar Royster, along with Jimmy Kolb's record-equipped bench press, were also highlighted.

THE COMPLEXITY OF FISH OIL SUPPLEMENTATION

The podcast delves into the effectiveness of fish oil (omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids), particularly EPA and DHA. A systematic review indicates that fish oil does not significantly improve muscle hypertrophy or strength. However, it does show evidence for enhancing recovery, reducing delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and improving muscle function restoration after exercise. The discussion touches upon the distinct roles of EPA and DHA, and how dose recommendations for general health (0.3-0.5g combined) differ from those studied for recovery (1-6g combined).

CHALLENGES IN IDENTIFYING TRAINING RESPONDER RELIABILITY

Research on classifying individuals as high, moderate, or low responders to training presents significant challenges. A study analyzing high-intensity interval training (HIIT) found that adaptations like VO2 max and time to task failure were not reliable across repeated exposures to the same training protocol, even after a three-month washout period. This suggests that individual responses may not be consistent, questioning the validity of defining 'responders' and 'non-responders' and potentially explaining the inconsistent predictors found in previous studies across various training types.

IMPACT OF PHARMACEUTICALS AND SUPPLEMENTS ON ADAPTATIONS

The discussion addresses whether athletes should avoid certain substances to optimize training adaptations. High-dose non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), high-dose vitamin C and E, and potentially high-dose antihistamines may blunt training adaptations in young, healthy individuals by interfering with the inflammatory and oxidative stress processes involved in muscle remodeling. In contrast, fish oil at typical doses is unlikely to negatively impact adaptations and may offer mild recovery benefits. However, for older adults or those with elevated baseline inflammation, these recommendations may not apply, and such interventions could even be neutral or beneficial.

DIETARY STRATEGIES AND PROTEIN DISTRIBUTION

The podcast explores the 'one meal a day' (OMAD) diet, concluding it's not ideal for protein distribution to support muscle protein synthesis throughout the day, though not entirely detrimental. The optimal strategy appears to be consuming 0.25-0.3g of protein per kilogram of body weight across at least three to six meals daily. Including a protein serving before bed is viable, provided it doesn't disrupt sleep. There's a cautionary note about excessive branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) or rapidly digesting proteins before sleep potentially interfering with sleep quality due to competition with tryptophan transport.

PROGRAMMING FOR OLDER ADULTS AND DELVING INTO PSYCHOLOGY

For training older adults (60+), a program combining bodyweight and machine exercises is recommended. Machines offer low stability requirements for targeted muscle work, while bodyweight exercises are crucial for improving balance, kinesthetic awareness, and mitigating fall risks, especially for quad and calf strength. The discussion also critiques the popular interpretation of the Dunning-Kruger effect, noting that the original research showed less extreme overconfidence in low-competence individuals than commonly portrayed. The segment references critiques of popular psychological concepts lacking replication, highlighting a trend towards greater rigor in the field.

BASEBALL'S RESURGENCE AND CONTROVERSIES

Baseball is currently experiencing a surge in interest, notably through the unprecedented dual-threat capabilities of Shohei Ohtani, who excels as both a pitcher and hitter. Jake deGrom is also having an historically dominant pitching season with a remarkably low ERA. The sport's increased excitement is paralleled by controversies surrounding pitchers using sticky substances, like Spider Tack, to enhance spin rates and pitch movement, leading to historically low batting averages. This arms race in pitching technology and performance, coupled with individual brilliance, has revitalized the sport, even leading to discussions about potential MVP awards for pitchers.

Training & Supplement Guidelines

Practical takeaways from this episode

Do This

Aim for 0.3-0.5 grams/day of combined EPA+DHA from food or supplements for general health.
For recovery, consider 1-3 grams/day of combined EPA+DHA, but manage expectations.
For older adults (60+), start with a mix of bodyweight and machine exercises for muscle strength and balance.
Focus on exercises that improve quad and calf strength, and ability to manipulate objects at various levels (e.g., picking things up, overhead movements).
Distribute protein intake into at least 3-6 distinct feedings throughout the day for optimal muscle protein synthesis.
If consuming protein before bed, ensure it doesn't disturb sleep.

Avoid This

Don't rely on fish oil for significant improvements in hypertrophy, strength, or fat loss.
Avoid regular, high-dose use of NSAIDs, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E by young, healthy athletes as they may blunt training adaptations.
Be cautious with very high doses of antihistamines as they might also blunt training adaptations based on preliminary evidence.
Avoid eating one meal a day (OMAD) if your primary goal is optimal muscle protein synthesis and hypertrophy, as it's not ideal for protein distribution.
Don't assume the Dunning-Kruger effect implies experts are less confident than novices; it primarily shows low-knowledge individuals overestimate their competence, not exceeding experts' confidence.

Fatty Acid Replacement Effects on Mortality

Data extracted from this episode

Replaced Saturated Fat WithTotal MortalityCardiovascular Disease MortalityCancer MortalityNeurodegenerative Disease Mortality
Unsaturated Fatty Acids (General)Significant PositiveSignificant PositiveSignificant PositiveSignificant Positive
Monounsaturated Fatty AcidsSignificant PositiveNot much effectNot much effectSignificant Positive
Polyunsaturated Fatty AcidsSignificant PositiveSignificant PositiveSignificant PositiveSignificant Positive
Omega-3sSmall PositiveNot much effectNot much effectSmall Positive
Trans FatsVery BadVery BadVery BadVery Bad

Common Questions

Eric is pursuing a 'road to enlightenment' through secular Buddhism, which has led him to stop eating meat and abandon indulgent culinary pursuits, focusing on simpler meals like rice and beans.

Topics

Mentioned in this video

productSpider Tack

A sticky substance originally used for strongman stones, found to be highly effective at increasing baseball spin rate for pitchers, leading to a league-wide cheating scandal.

personJulius Maddox

Current raw bench press world record holder, mentioned in the context of competition with Daniel Zamani.

supplementFish oil

A common supplement containing omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA and DHA), shown to improve recovery from strenuous exercise but not significantly impact hypertrophy or strength.

supplementVitamin E

An antioxidant that, when used at high doses, may blunt training adaptations, similar to NSAIDs.

supplementLeucine

An amino acid that, along with other BCAAs, might have a competitive effect with tryptophan on brain function, potentially disrupting sleep if consumed in huge quantities right before bed.

conceptDunning-Kruger effect

A cognitive bias where people with low knowledge or ability tend to overestimate their competence. The popular graphical representation is often misinterpreted as experts being less confident than novices.

personBrian Shaw

Competitor in World's Strongest Man, going for his fourth or fifth win, had a tight battle with Tom Stoltman.

supplementVitamin C

An antioxidant that, when used at high doses, may blunt training adaptations, similar to NSAIDs. Lower doses can enhance nitric oxide bioavailability.

personTom Stoltman

Winner of the World's Strongest Man competition, achieving his first title.

personTaylor Atwood

Powerlifter who broke his own world record total in the 74 kg weight class at USAPL Nationals, achieving a 605 Wilkes score drug-tested.

conceptOne Meal a Day (OMAD) Diet

An aggressive meal frequency reduction strategy where all daily calories are consumed in one meal. While it can help with calorie restriction for some, it's not ideal for optimal protein distribution for muscle protein synthesis.

personBob Gibson

Legendary baseball pitcher who holds the record for the lowest ERA in the live-ball era (1.123 in 1968), a record Jake DeGrom is challenging.

personRandy Barnes

Previous world record holder for shot put, whose record stood since 1991 until Ryan Crouser broke it.

personJamar Royster

Powerlifter who broke the 700-pound squat barrier in the 83 kg class.

personChin Wei Ling

Previous record holder in the 47 kg weight class, whose record was broken by Heather Connor.

personJames Heathers

Cited as the source for sharing information on the Dunning-Kruger effect and meta-science on Twitter and Medium.

companyBulkSupplements.com

A supplement company offering a discount code for podcast listeners.

personGreg Knuckles

Guest co-host of the podcast, discusses his current weight loss journey on 'Road to the Stage' and his current goal of a 247-pound trend weight.

supplementNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Drugs that, when used regularly at high doses by young, healthy individuals, may blunt training adaptations by interfering with acute inflammatory processes essential for remodeling.

organizationUSAPL Nationals

Powerlifting competition where several records were broken, including Taylor Atwood's total and Heather Connor's total.

personJimmy Kolb

Equipped powerlifter who achieved the most impressive equipped bench press seen, benching 1120 pounds in single ply.

conceptPolyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs)

Fatty acids including omega-3s, debated for their health impacts; meta-analysis shows positive effects on total, cardiovascular, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease mortality.

drugAntihistamines

Preliminary evidence suggests high doses could potentially blunt training adaptations, though more research is needed and specific types are being investigated.

personRyan Crouser

American shot put thrower who broke the world record at the Olympic trials, a record that had stood since 1991.

personBryce Lewis

Powerlifter who broke the 2000-pound total barrier in the 105 kg weight class.

personJake DeGrom

Baseball pitcher having a historically dominant season with an incredibly low ERA, potentially breaking Bob Gibson's live-ball era record.

personDaniel Zamani

Iranian bench presser who allegedly benched 337.5 kg (744 lbs) raw in a gym, with some skepticism due to his past competition results.

personHeather Connor

Powerlifter who totaled 899.5 pounds (408 kg) in the 47 kg weight class, breaking Chin Wei Ling's record.

personShohei Ohtani

Baseball player performing an unfathomable feat of being a top-tier pitcher and also tied for the league home run leader, significantly raising baseball's interest level.

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