Lisp

A brief history of programming...

Fireship

One of the first languages; code as data and early scripting with line-by-line interpretation.

Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI | Lex Fridman Podcast #221

Lex Fridman

The programming language Cyc is primarily built upon, which Doug Lenat argues is highly efficient for developing AI systems focused on logical reasoning, despite being considered 'old-fashioned'.

The "Normsky" architecture for AI coding agents — with Beyang Liu + Steve Yegge of SourceGraph

Latent Space

A programming language originally intended for creating rules-based AI systems, representing the Chomsky approach.

Peter Norvig: Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach | Lex Fridman Podcast #42

Lex Fridman

A family of programming languages known for their simplicity, powerful macro system, and dynamic typing, historically popular in AI research but less so now.

Charles Isbell and Michael Littman: Machine Learning and Education | Lex Fridman Podcast #148

Lex Fridman

A programming language considered by Charles Isbell to be the 'only real language,' despite its syntax with many parentheses, and mentioned in the context of an academic thesis.

Michael Littman: Reinforcement Learning and the Future of AI | Lex Fridman Podcast #144

Lex Fridman

A programming language that can implement 'all of intelligence' in a single line of code, according to Lex Fridman.

Chris Lattner: The Future of Computing and Programming Languages | Lex Fridman Podcast #131

Lex Fridman

An old, powerful, and simple programming language, a favorite of Chris Lattner, known for its functional nature and the ability of its libraries to feel native to the language.

James Gosling: Java, JVM, Emacs, and the Early Days of Computing | Lex Fridman Podcast #126

Lex Fridman

A programming language that James Gosling considers one of the greatest, despite its numerous parentheses, for its interesting language structure.

Chris Lattner: Compilers, LLVM, Swift, TPU, and ML Accelerators | Lex Fridman Podcast #21

Lex Fridman

Mentioned as an alternative, more functional programming route that Lattner did not initially pursue.

Brian Kernighan: UNIX, C, AWK, AMPL, and Go Programming | Lex Fridman Podcast #109

Lex Fridman

A functional programming language, representing the 'hippie world' to Lex Fridman, and mentioned as an early language exploring functional concepts like recursion.

Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13

Lex Fridman

A traditional programming language for symbolic computation, contrasted with neural network models of thinking.

MIT AGI: Cognitive Architecture (Nate Derbinsky)

Lex Fridman

A programming language in which the main distribution of ACT-R is implemented.

Bjarne Stroustrup: C++ | Lex Fridman Podcast #48

Lex Fridman

A dynamic programming language mentioned by Lex Fridman as a favorite, but Stroustrup notes it's often rewritten into C or C++ for production due to performance and reliability constraints.

Dr. Michael Levin — Reprogramming Bioelectricity

Tim Ferriss

DHH: Future of Programming, AI, Ruby on Rails, Productivity & Parenting | Lex Fridman Podcast #474

Lex Fridman

Guido van Rossum: Python and the Future of Programming | Lex Fridman Podcast #341

Lex Fridman

A programming language in which Emacs is mostly written, contributing to its extensibility and package ecosystem.

Kevin Hale - How to Evaluate Startup Ideas

Y Combinator

Paul Graham is mentioned as having written a textbook on 'Lisp', contributing to his expertise.

Brian Armstrong: Coinbase, Cryptocurrency, and Government Regulation | Lex Fridman Podcast #307

Lex Fridman

A functional programming language that Brian Armstrong loved, noting it was central to early AI and is still used for Emacs customization, but less common today.

David "DHH" Heinemeier Hansson — The Power of Being Outspoken | The Tim Ferriss Show

Tim Ferriss

A programming language mentioned as being more 'radical' and 'pure' but less flexible than Ruby.

Travis Oliphant: NumPy, SciPy, Anaconda, Python & Scientific Programming | Lex Fridman Podcast #224

Lex Fridman

A family of computer programming languages with a long history in AI, appreciated by Travis for its natural mapping to logical thinking, despite his initial aversion to its heavy use of parentheses.

On Vibe Coding

Naval

A programming language that AI agents can translate and communicate in.

Hacking on the PDP1 Raspberry Pi Emulator - Computerphile

Computerphile

A popular programming language in AI circles around MIT during the era of the PDP-6 and PDP-10.