How does George Hotz suggest we 'hack the simulation' if we live in one?

George Hotz's talk about 'hacking the simulation' is less literal and more a call to humble ourselves and focus on 'real games' dictated by nature, rather than 'fake human games' like capitalism purely focused on stock prices. He is interested in simulation theory only if it grants power over nature, such as finding a 'memory leak' in the universe to access or write arbitrary data, which he finds both intriguing and terrifying.

What is George Hotz's take on immortality?

George Hotz desires to live forever not through true immortality, but by choosing his own death after learning 'everything.' He acknowledges the potential for life to become meaningless with unlimited time but suggests manipulating one's own brain to maintain curiosity or creating backup copies of oneself for oversight. He sees death as a game against nature that he intends to win.

What is Optimism's Layer 2 solution for Ethereum, and how did George Hotz contribute to it?

Optimism is building Layer 2 solutions for Ethereum to improve scalability by running contracts off-chain while maintaining security through Layer 1. Their original method involved a 3000-line bytecode transpiler, but George Hotz suggested and then implemented a 300-line modification directly in the Solidity compiler, making the process more efficient and elegant.

What are George Hotz's favorite technical and philosophical aspects of crypto?

George Hotz is extremely bullish on crypto's long-term potential, citing two main ideas: first, the Nakamoto Consensus algorithm as a revolutionary method for decentralized group consensus. Second, the concept of smart contracts and 'code is law,' which he sees as a more cost-effective, reliable, and certain alternative to traditional legal contracts interpreted by lawyers.

What is the mission of Comma.ai, and what products do they offer?

Comma.ai's mission is to 'solve self-driving cars while delivering shippable intermediaries.' This means aiming for fully autonomous vehicles while generating revenue through products that provide immediate value. Their main product is the comma two, a $1000 hardware device with cameras and car interfaces that, when installed, offers adaptive cruise control and advanced lane-keeping (openpilot software), making driving 'chill.'

How does Comma.ai's openpilot software approach self-driving differently from Tesla Autopilot?

Comma.ai's openpilot primarily uses an end-to-end machine learning approach, training directly on human driving data to learn the entire driving task, including lateral and soon longitudinal control. In contrast, Tesla Autopilot uses a multi-task learning approach, breaking driving into hundreds of sub-tasks (like lane detection, object detection) performed by a multi-headed neural network, relying on extensive data annotation for each task.

What are George Hotz's thoughts on driver monitoring systems and their importance?

George Hotz is a strong advocate for adaptive driver monitoring. He believes it is essential for current Level 2 systems, rejecting the idea of not including it. Comma.ai's system uses a driver-facing infrared camera and adapts its monitoring policy based on the driving scene (e.g., less aggressive in stationary traffic, more aggressive on complex roads). He argues that constantly aggressive monitoring leads to driver fatigue and disengagement.

Why does George Hotz believe NVIDIA's current business strategy is problematic?

George Hotz, a former NVIDIA fan, criticizes their recent business strategy, feeling they are 'price gouging' for high-end AI chips like the A100 ($10,000) when cheaper alternatives exist (e.g., a 3080 at $699). He believes this monopolistic approach will lead to competitors (including, eventually, Chinese companies) building alternatives, suggesting NVIDIA should instead become the 'new Intel' by selling chips at reasonable markups to everyone with no restrictions.

What is George Hotz's perspective on Tesla's 'Project Dojo' and their new neural net rewrite?

George Hotz views Tesla's Dojo as akin to Google's TPUs but specialized for driving data. He suggests Tesla should sell their custom AI chips to the public to generate revenue and foster an ecosystem of tooling, similar to Apple embracing internal development. He notes that Comma.ai is also undertaking a rewrite, moving from 2D to 3D models of the world for perception, and switching from TensorFlow to PyTorch.

What is the current status of Comma.ai's user base and retention?

Comma.ai currently has openpilot running in over 3,000 cars, with approximately 2,000 daily active users and over 3,000 monthly active users. George Hotz highlights an 'insane' retention rate, with 70% of comma two buyers being daily active users, attributing this to the product's value (perceived as a 'steal' at $1000) and the open-source developer community.

What is George Hotz's critique of Waymo's approach to autonomous vehicles?

While acknowledging Waymo's impressive engineering in specific environments like Chandler, Arizona, George Hotz criticizes their product strategy. He argues that Waymo's vehicles are slower than human Uber drivers and that users are generally unwilling to trade speed for cost (as seen with UberPool). He believes Waymo's Level 4 autonomous ride-sharing market will face a 'race to the bottom,' similar to the scooter market, and ultimately won't be competitive or viable without a monopoly.

What advice does George Hotz have for building a successful startup?

George Hotz advises focusing on two core principles: 'technology always wins' and 'lying always loses.' He stresses building superior technology and maintaining honesty, even if it means acknowledging limitations or delayed timelines. He views hype as acceptable only when backed by substance, contrasting it with 'fake it till you make it' approaches that he believes are ultimately destructive.

What programming languages does George Hotz recommend learning and why?

George Hotz recommends learning Assembly and C to understand how computers work at a fundamental level, followed by Python to appreciate its abstractions. He also suggests learning a functional language like Haskell for mathematical theory-heavy concepts, and Verilog (HDL) to grasp hardware's parallel execution. Finally, he advocates for learning a machine learning framework like PyTorch (over TensorFlow) as the 'fourth paradigm' of data-driven programming.

How does George Hotz define intelligence, and what is its connection to compression?

Inspired by the Hutter Prize, George Hotz defines intelligence as equivalent to lossless compression. He finds this a compelling framework because lossless compression is a 'simple, straightforward' concept. He explains that even a lossy compressor can be made lossless by efficiently encoding the 'noise' or the probability distribution over the next character using an arithmetic encoder, thus linking the ability to predict/compress with intelligence.

What are George Hotz's views on the technological singularity and AGI?

George Hotz believes humanity is already in the 'singularity' due to the exponentially increasing bandwidth and interconnectedness of people globally, leading to a monoculture. He doesn't believe in a 'hard take-off' AGI but rather that AI is not fundamentally different from existing constructs. He sees driving as a complete subset of general intelligence, with tools developed at Comma.ai being helpful for solving AGI, emphasizing building tangible things like a Level 5 self-driving car as an indisputable step forward.

What is George Hotz's general philosophy regarding drug use, particularly psychedelics?

George Hotz believes all drugs have lessons to teach about oneself, not necessarily the world. He finds it interesting that this idea of 'learning' is often uniquely applied to psychedelics. He agrees with the notion that one should 'look behind the door' with psychedelics once or twice, but not continuously, similar to his annual, small-dose 'revisits.' He metaphorically sees them as temporarily increasing the 'learning rate' of the brain.

Key Moments

George Hotz: Hacking the Simulation & Learning to Drive with Neural Nets | Lex Fridman Podcast #132

Lex Fridman

Science & Technology8 min read189 min video

Oct 22, 2020|1,572,717 views|22,802|2,503

george hotz artificial intelligence agi ai ai podcast artificial intelligence podcast lex fridman lex podcast lex mit lex ai lex jre mit ai

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Key Moments

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TL;DR

George Hotz discusses self-driving cars, crypto, simulation theory, and life, emphasizing practical innovation.

Key Insights

Intelligent civilizations may self-destruct or enter stasis before expanding across the universe.

The 'simulation' concept serves as a call to focus on real-world problems and scientific discovery rather than trivial human-made games.

Immortality, with the ability to choose one's death and self-manipulate curiosity, is a primary life goal for George Hotz.

Decentralized consensus (Nakamoto consensus) and smart contracts are revolutionary ideas within cryptocurrency due to their reliability, cost-effectiveness, and ability to enforce 'code is law'.

Comma.ai's mission is to solve self-driving cars by developing a human-replacement system, funded by shippable, revenue-generating products like the Comma Two.

End-to-end machine learning is superior for autonomous driving compared to multi-task, feature-engineered approaches, especially for achieving Level 5 autonomy.

Effective driver monitoring is crucial for Level 2 assisted driving, requiring adaptive, non-fatiguing policies that account for human psychology and trust.

True learning in programming comes from working on relevant projects, not from generic video tutorials, emphasizing the importance of problem-solving and self-directed exploration.

Nvidia's pricing and exclusive hardware strategy are criticized for hindering innovation and potentially losing market dominance.

THE NATURE OF EXISTENCE AND INTELLIGENT LIFE

George Hotz maintains his view on the Fermi Paradox, suggesting that while intelligent life likely existed elsewhere, these civilizations probably met their demise through self-destruction or entered a permanent state of stasis. This perspective implies that civilizations, if they don't expand across the universe due to an inherent drive, must have encountered a limiting factor. He humorously notes that the IQ required to destroy the world decreases annually, implying technology democratizes destructive capabilities. Hotz considers the possibility of a 'prime directive' where advanced civilizations choose not to reveal themselves, but finds it unlikely due to the lack of observable waste heat from their energy consumption. He also discusses the concept of the universe as an information-processing entity, pondering if advanced intelligences could exist in forms imperceptible to our current understanding of physics.

HACKING THE SIMULATION AND THE GOAL OF IMMORTALITY

Expanding on his previous discussion about hacking the simulation, Hotz clarifies that his intent was not literal. Instead, it was a philosophical provocation to humble humanity and redirect focus from trivial human-made games (like capitalism solely driven by stock prices) to the 'real game' governed by nature's rules. He asserts that true progress lies in understanding and influencing nature. For him, the ultimate objective function in this 'real game' is immortality. Hotz desires to live forever, not fearing boredom, but rather seeking to know 'everything,' and then choosing his own death. He acknowledges the potential for self-manipulation to maintain curiosity, even changing his brain's code if immortality leads to a loss of purpose.

THE POWER AND BEAUTY OF CRYPTOCURRENCY AND SMART CONTRACTS

Hotz expresses strong long-term bullishness on cryptocurrency, highlighting two key innovations: the Nakamoto consensus algorithm and smart contracts. He considers Nakamoto consensus a monumental 21st-century innovation for enabling decentralized group consensus. Smart contracts, he argues, offer a vastly superior alternative to traditional legal contracts, comparing lawyers to inefficient, expensive, and unreliable interpreters compared to the speed, reliability, and cost-effectiveness of Python code. He envisions a future where 'code is law,' with smart contracts handling everything from financial transactions to prenuptial agreements, eliminating legal disputes and providing certainty.

COMMA.AI: SOLVING SELF-DRIVING THROUGH SHIPPABLE INTERMEDIARIES

Comma.ai's mission is to 'solve self-driving cars while delivering shippable intermediaries.' This means creating a fully autonomous, person-replacement driving system with human-level or better safety, speed, and comfort. The 'shippable intermediaries' aspect is crucial for funding and maintaining accountability, ensuring continuous progress through revenue generation. Comma.ai sells the Comma Two, a hardware device that acts as a car interface with cameras, offering adaptive cruise control and advanced lane-keeping. The software, Openpilot, is primarily neural network-based and continuously improves through end-to-end learning on user data, reflecting a commitment to real-world, user-validated progress.

END-TO-END LEARNING VERSUS TASK-SPECIFIC APPROACHES

Hotz contrasts Comma.ai's end-to-end machine learning approach with Tesla's multi-task learning strategy. He believes that end-to-end learning, which treats the entire driving task as a holistic machine learning problem, is the superior long-term solution, especially for achieving Level 5 autonomy. He likens Tesla's task-specific breakdown (e.g., lane detection engineers) to hiring a 'bishop guy' for a chess engine, an approach he views as an outdated form of feature engineering. Hotz acknowledges that while supervised data engines for specific tasks can be impressive, the history of AI suggests that end-to-end systems ultimately win. He points to DeepMind's MuZero as a cornerstone paper that demonstrates how learned simulators can accelerate this evolutionary process, even in complex real-world scenarios like driving.

THE CRITICAL ROLE OF DRIVER MONITORING AND ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS

For Level 2 assisted driving, driver monitoring is essential. Comma.ai employs scene-adaptive driver monitoring, meaning the strictness of supervision changes based on driving context (e.g., less strict when stationary, highly strict in complex urban environments). This adaptive policy is crucial to prevent driver fatigue and disengagement, as constant, unnecessary alerts can lead users to ignore or bypass safety features. Hotz believes driver monitoring is 'easy' relative to external perception because its reliability bar is lower; it's about training the human and engaging in a 'conversation' rather than absolute error-free performance. He views real-time over-the-air updates as indispensable, leveraging user feedback on platforms like Discord to continuously refine the system's balance of assistance and intrusiveness, an innovation popularized by iPhone and Tesla.

CRITICISM OF NVIDIA AND THE NEED FOR OPEN HARDWARE

Hotz expresses strong disappointment with Nvidia's pricing strategies and market dominance, accusing them of 'price gouging' for high-end GPUs like the A100. He believes Nvidia's closed ecosystem and high costs stifle innovation and create a monopoly, forcing companies to seek alternatives. He advocates for an 'Apple way' approach through open hardware, where companies like Tesla (with their Dojo chip) or even Comma.ai would sell their specialized AI accelerators without restriction. This would foster an ecosystem of tooling and development, benefiting the entire industry. Hotz believes that by selling chips at a reasonable markup to everyone, without restrictions, companies could achieve sustainable long-term success, mirroring Intel's past dominance rather than exploiting short-term market positions.

TESLA'S PATH, WAYMO'S CHALLENGES, AND THE FUTURE OF AUTONOMY

Hotz believes Tesla is generally on the right track, with minor changes he would implement as CEO, such as immediately adding infrared driver monitoring cameras. He sees their approach, despite 'missteps,' as potentially winning due to Elon Musk's ability to marshal resources. Conversely, he is highly critical of Waymo, not for technological reasons, but for their product strategy. He argues Waymo's robotaxi service, which often drives slower and more cautiously than human drivers, fails to recognize that users prioritize speed over cost (as demonstrated by UberPool's limited adoption). He believes Waymo's current model will face a 'race to the bottom,' akin to the scooter market, if it isn't radically re-imagined by a 'genius' and 'renegade' like Anthony Levandowski, whom he paradoxically suggests as Waymo's leader to 'fix' the company's 10-billion-dollar hole.

PHILOSOPHY OF LEARNING, PROGRAMMING, AND THE INTERNET

Hotz offers pragmatic advice on learning: programming must be learned by doing, driven by a personal project or problem one genuinely wants to solve. He dismisses generic 'learn to program' videos as ineffective. He critiques companies that blindly seek to integrate machine learning without a clear problem, stating that one must first identify a 'macaroni and cheese problem' before applying technology. He also emphasizes the critical skill of effective Googling and 'pulling at the thread' to find existing solutions. For programming languages, he recommends C and Assembly for understanding computer fundamentals, Python for high-level application, Haskell for functional programming, Verilog/HDL for hardware understanding, and PyTorch (over TensorFlow) for machine learning development, categorizing these as core paradigms for comprehensive technical understanding.

THE SINGULARITY, COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE, AND AI'S IMPACT

Hotz believes we are already in the singularity, defined by the exponentially increasing bandwidth of communication and information exchange among humans, creating a 'monoculture.' He aligns with the idea that general artificial intelligence will likely emerge from this collective human intelligence rather than a single, 'hard takeoff' AGI. He views driving as a 'complete subset' of general intelligence, believing that tools developed at Comma.ai will contribute to solving broader AI challenges. He emphasizes keeping a singular mission focused on a tangible goal (like a Level 5 self-driving car) to avoid self-delusion, as success in such a measurable endeavor provides 'indisputable' proof of progress, even if its direct connection to general intelligence is debatable.

LIFE ADVICE, PERSONALITY, AND THE ROLE OF 'MADNESS'

Hotz offers minimalist life advice, asserting that self-help books and generic wisdom are largely meaningless; true learning comes from experience and a willingness to simply 'go program' or 'go live.' He suggests 'don't be so caught up in your head' and don't overthink things, embracing his own unstructured approach to life. He finds happiness in being authentic and transparent, believing that 'the better technology always wins and lying always loses.' When asked about 'madness,' he expresses skepticism toward many mental health diagnoses, seeing them as part of the vast 'neurodiversity' of humanity. He accepts his own 'sparkle' and unconventional thinking, viewing it not as a 'bug' but as a feature of simply being himself, unafraid to speak his truth, even if it's considered 'crazy' by others.

Mentioned in This Episode

●Products

●Software & Apps

●Companies

●Organizations

●Books

●Concepts

●People Referenced

Common Questions

George Hotz believes that intelligent civilizations have existed elsewhere in the universe but have likely destroyed themselves or entered a state of 'wireheading' (stimulating pleasure centers to the exclusion of expansion). He posits that their absence suggests they stopped expanding for a fundamental reason, otherwise, they would have taken over the galaxy.

Topics

AI & Machine Learning Programming & Software Business & Entrepreneurship Society & Philosophy Future Of AI Neural Networks Human-computer Interaction Software Development Self-driving Cars Blockchain Technology Machine Learning Ethics

Mentioned in this video

Organizations

MIT

The host, Lex Fridman, mentions his prior work at MIT on autonomous and semi-autonomous vehicles, which informed his understanding of human factors in autonomy.

CIA

Central Intelligence Agency, mentioned in a conspiracy theory suggesting they invented conspiracy theories to discredit true information.

New York Times

Newspaper that reported on UFO sightings, which George Hotz dismisses as a 'psyop.'

Concepts

Fermi Paradox

A concept relating to the contradiction between the high probability of extraterrestrial civilizations' existence and the lack of observational evidence.

Wolfram Physics Project

Stephen Wolfram's theory that the universe is fundamentally a computational system based on hypergraphs.

Drake Equation

A probabilistic argument used to estimate the number of active, communicative extraterrestrial civilizations in the Milky Way galaxy.

Smart contracts

Self-executing contracts with the terms of the agreement directly written into code, eliminating the need for intermediaries like lawyers.

Nakamoto Consensus

The consensus algorithm used by Bitcoin, described as one of the greatest innovations of the 21st century for enabling decentralized group consensus.

Hutter Prize

A prize for compression of a specific 1GB file, which George Hotz sees as fundamentally connected to the definition of intelligence through lossless compression.

UFOs

Unidentified Flying Objects, discussed in the context of recent Pentagon releases and New York Times reporting.

Objectivism

A philosophical system developed by Ayn Rand, appealing to Lex Fridman for its connection to capitalism and ethical productivity, despite its controversial nature.

People

Bob Lazar

Controversial figure who claims to have worked on reverse-engineering extraterrestrial technology at Area 51, mentioned in the context of alien conspiracy theories.

Joe Rogan

Host of 'The Joe Rogan Experience' podcast, where George Hotz listened to Bob Lazar's interview.

Jordan Peterson

A clinical psychologist and author, cited for his view that humans have the capacity for both good and evil, contrasting with Ayn Rand's more cartoonish portrayals.

Genghis Khan

Historical figure whose extensive knowledge a skilled historian or thinker could connect to broader historical contexts.

Chris Urmson

Former CTO of Waymo and co-founder of Aurora, mentioned as a leader who George Hotz doesn't believe is a 'renegade' needed for Waymo.

Anthony Levandowski

Noted autonomous vehicle engineer, George Hotz considers him a genius who he would put in charge of Waymo to take big risks and potentially save the company.

Jensen Huang

CEO and co-founder of NVIDIA, George Hotz acknowledges him as a 'cool guy' but criticizes NVIDIA's recent pricing and productization strategies.

Timothy Leary

Psychologist and psychedelic advocate, whose quote about looking 'behind the door' with psychedelics is referenced by George Hotz.

Ayn Rand

Author of 'Atlas Shrugged' and developer of Objectivism, her work provided George Hotz with a framework for human relations.

Donald Trump

Former US President, referenced as a 'lord of the meme on the dark side' due to his influential use of internet memes.

John Krafcik

CEO of Waymo at the time of the podcast, whom George Hotz does not consider a 'renegade' leader suitable for radically changing Waymo's trajectory.

David Foster Wallace

Author of 'Infinite Jest,' a book George Hotz found very enjoyable and insightful.

Elon Musk

CEO of Tesla and SpaceX, mentioned for his role as a 'meme lord,' views on the simulation hypothesis, and his approach to autonomous driving technology.

Ray Kurzweil

Futurist known for his concept of the technological singularity, which George Hotz believes humanity is already experiencing due to increased communication bandwidth.

David Fravor

A US Navy pilot known for his encounter with an unidentified aerial phenomenon (UAP) during the 'Tic Tac' incident.

Roger Williams

Author of 'The Metamorphosis of Prime Intellect,' who George Hotz believes writes like an engineer.

Neal Stephenson

Author of 'Snow Crash,' a recommended sci-fi novel.

Linus Torvalds

Creator of Linux, whose famous quote 'Talk is cheap, show me the code' is used to conclude the podcast.

George Hotz

Founder of comma.ai, known for his work in autonomous vehicle technology and his non-linear, out-of-the-box brilliance in programming.

Vitalik Buterin

Co-founder of Ethereum, viewed by George Hotz as a genius leader whose vision is helpful for driving the crypto project.

Yaron Brook

A prominent Objectivist, whom Lex Fridman mentions he will be interviewing for several hours.

Satoshi Nakamoto

The pseudonymous creator of Bitcoin, whom George Hotz greatly admires for the Nakamoto Consensus algorithm.

Dan Carlin

Known for his 'Hardcore History' podcast, used as an example of an individual with deep, integrated knowledge without formal academic credentials.

Eliezer Yudkowsky

AI researcher known for his work on AI safety and the singularity. His early writings transformed George Hotz's worldview on exponential growth in computing and human obsolescence.

Greg Egan

Author of the science fiction novel 'Permutation City.'

Companies

Plasma

A framework for building scalable decentralized applications on Ethereum, from which Optimism spun off.

NVIDIA

A GPU manufacturer, criticized by George Hotz for its pricing and business practices, leading to a desire for alternative AI chip providers.

Apple

A technology company whose closed ecosystem approach (like with the iPhone's OTA updates) is admired by George Hotz, but he also respects their design decisions.

Intel

A semiconductor company, used as an example of a company that achieved long-term success by selling chips at a reasonable markup without restrictions, a model George Hotz recommends for NVIDIA.

GitHub

A platform for software development and version control, mentioned as a place to find and explore code, suggesting its utility in learning to program.

SpaceX

Elon Musk's aerospace manufacturer, praised by George Hotz for its transparency about engineering and willingness to show failures.

comma.ai

An autonomous and semi-autonomous vehicle technology company aiming to be the Android to Tesla Autopilot's iOS, selling the comma two device.

Waymo

Google's self-driving car company, which George Hotz criticizes for its business model and product strategy despite acknowledging its impressive engineering.

Software & Apps

TensorFlow

An open-source machine learning framework, compared unfavorably to PyTorch after comma.ai switched its neural network models.

Android

A mobile operating system platform that comma.ai aims to emulate in the autonomous vehicle space, offering an open-source alternative to Apple's iOS.

Solidity

The primary programming language for writing smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain.

OpenPilot

comma.ai's open-source driving assistance software, which can be installed on supported cars with the comma two hardware, allowing for both lane-keeping and adaptive cruise control.

iOS

Apple's mobile operating system, used as an analogy for Tesla Autopilot in comparison to comma.ai's open-source approach.

PyTorch

An open-source machine learning framework, highly praised by George Hotz for its superiority over TensorFlow, leading to comma.ai's switch.

Haskell

A purely functional programming language recommended for learning functional programming paradigms and dependent types.

Python

A high-level programming language, used by George Hotz to illustrate the efficiency and reliability of code over human interpreters like lawyers in smart contracts.

Assembly

A low-level programming language that George Hotz recommends learning to understand how computers fundamentally operate.

Verilog

A hardware description language (HDL) recommended for understanding simultaneous execution and how hardware functions.

GPT-3

A large language model, which George Hotz views as overhyped and not leading to general-purpose intelligence due to its loss function and lack of long-term memory.

Books

Atlas Shrugged

A novel by Ayn Rand, described as 'pornography' by George Hotz due to its black-and-white portrayal of good and evil, but impactful for its framework of human relations during his youth.

Infinite Jest

A novel by David Foster Wallace, recommended by George Hotz for its themes of 'wireheading' and as an enjoyable, growth-inducing read.

Foundation

An Isaac Asimov science fiction series, which Lex Fridman is reading, but George Hotz found 'way too modernist' and didn't like.

Permutation City

A science fiction novel by Greg Egan, recommended for its thought-provoking ideas about copies of oneself and post-singularity worlds.

Snow Crash

A science fiction novel by Neal Stephenson, highly recommended by George Hotz for its entertaining qualities.

A Fire Upon the Deep

A science fiction novel by Vernor Vinge, mentioned as an interesting read.

The Metamorphosis of Prime Intellect

An online novel by Roger Williams, recommended for its exploration of a post-singularity world from an engineering perspective, read by George Hotz multiple times.

Bronze Age Mindset

A controversial non-fiction book that George Hotz mentions, but does not elaborate on.

Products

Hyundai Sonata

A car model supported by comma.ai, recognized for its refined longitudinal control.

Honda Civic

A car model recommended for comma.ai users willing to install modified EPS firmware for better torque.

comma two

A device sold by comma.ai for $1000 that, when installed in supported cars, provides semi-autonomous driving features like lane-keeping and adaptive cruise control, including driver sensing.

Tesla Autopilot

Tesla's driver-assistance system, frequently compared to comma.ai's openpilot, particularly regarding driver monitoring and end-to-end learning approaches.

Optimism

A spin-off of Plasma, working on Layer 2 scaling solutions for Ethereum to improve transaction speed and efficiency.

Cadillac Super Cruise

A semi-autonomous driving system, mentioned alongside Tesla Autopilot and comma.ai as a system collecting data relevant to human-vehicle interaction.

Toyota Corolla

A car model supported by comma.ai, noted for its good stock longitudinal control, making it a great choice for use with openpilot's lateral control.

Project Dojo

Tesla's custom-built supercomputer for training neural networks for autonomous driving, seen by George Hotz as a proprietary system that Tesla should open up for wider use and revenue.

finance

Ethereum

A cryptocurrency and blockchain platform known for its smart contract capabilities, which George Hotz helped scale with the Optimism project.

Bitcoin

A popular cryptocurrency, compared to Ethereum for its technical characteristics and fundamental value proposition.

Media

DUNE

A classic science fiction novel which Lex Fridman mentions he needs to read.

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