Neanderthals
An extinct species of human; mentioned as potentially preceding Homo sapiens, with evidence of religious ritual sites.
Common Themes
Videos Mentioning Neanderthals

Robert Proctor: Nazi Science and Ideology | Lex Fridman Podcast #268
Lex Fridman
Discussed in the context of human origins, and the question of when hominids became 'fully human,' noting their apparent lack of what we call art.

Richard Wrangham: Violence, Sex, and Fire in Human Evolution | Lex Fridman Podcast #229
Lex Fridman
An extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans with larger brains than Homo sapiens, who were possibly outcompeted or wiped out by Homo sapiens due to superior warfare capabilities and larger group sizes.

Yuval Noah Harari on The Story of Sapiens, The Power of Awareness, and More | The Tim Ferriss Show
Tim Ferriss
An extinct species of human that interbred with Homo Sapiens; their image has been positively revised due to new evidence.

Secret History #11: Dawn of the Human Imagination
Predictive History
An extinct species of human; mentioned as potentially preceding Homo sapiens, with evidence of religious ritual sites.

Nick Lane: Origin of Life, Evolution, Aliens, Biology, and Consciousness | Lex Fridman Podcast #318
Lex Fridman
An extinct species of human that interbred with Homo sapiens, with divergent mitochondrial DNA but shared nuclear genes, suggesting one-way gene flow from humans.

Demis Hassabis: DeepMind - AI, Superintelligence & the Future of Humanity | Lex Fridman Podcast #299
Lex Fridman
Early human species that Homo sapiens likely outcompeted due to tribal cooperation and language.

The Person I Call Most for Startup Advice — Naval Ravikant
Tim Ferriss
Mentioned as a human species probably physically stronger than Homo sapiens, but unable to self-organize as effectively.