Boolean algebra
A system of algebra that uses two values, true or false (or one and zero), and operations like AND, OR, and NOT, which forms the fundamental building blocks of digital computers.
Videos Mentioning Boolean algebra

Ep. 225: Should I Become A Thriller Writer? (w/ J.T. Ellison)
Cal Newport
A system of logic that Claude Shannon showed could be implemented with electronic circuits using electromagnetic relays, a key breakthrough for digital electronics.

Stephen Wolfram: Complexity and the Fabric of Reality | Lex Fridman Podcast #234
Lex Fridman
An algebraic structure that captures the operations of logic (AND, OR, NOT), described as a decidable theory where any problem can be solved in a bounded number of steps.

Stephen Wolfram: Computational Universe | MIT 6.S099: Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)
Lex Fridman
Used by Wolfram as an example to show how searching the computational universe can find the simplest axiom system, leading to automated proofs.

The Most Powerful Computers You've Never Heard Of
Veritasium
A system of algebra that uses two values, true or false (or one and zero), and operations like AND, OR, and NOT, which forms the fundamental building blocks of digital computers.