Javier Milei: President of Argentina - Freedom, Economics, and Corruption | Lex Fridman Podcast #453

British economist from the 19th century whose idea about overpopulation and limited resources Milei refers to as a 'murderous idea' that failed.

An Austrian-British economist and philosopher known for his defense of classical liberalism and free-market capitalism, considered a minarchist by Milei.

An Austrian economist who made important contributions to capital theory and the theory of interest, among those whose writings challenged Milei's former thinking.

Milei's latest book, which discusses why there is no middle ground between capitalism and socialism, and how neoclassical economics contributed to increased intervention and government failure.

Former President of Argentina, whose administration (especially the convertibility plan) is referenced by Milei as having the largest structural reform before his own, and as a historical success.

Argentinian Professor cited by Milei, who tells a joke illustrating how price controls can lead to empty shelves.

An 18-year-old boy who was shot and killed while attempting to cross the Berlin Wall in 1962, whose story is recounted by Milei to emphasize the value of freedom.

Iconic British rock band, Milei's favorite band, whom he dreams of meeting and playing with.

Argentine economist and current Minister of Deregulation, instrumental in carrying out Milei's deregulation reforms, specifically mentioned for displaying a counter of regulations removed.

Argentine general and primary leader of the southern and central parts of South America's successful struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire, who was called 'crazy' for his plan to cross the Andes.

Economist and Chairman of the President's Advisory Council, who studied at Harvard and was mentored by Kenneth Rogoff, working with Milei on issues of market failure and intervention.

Former President of Argentina, described by Milei as the 'most feminist president in Argentine History' who 'used to beat his wife,' highlighting hypocrisy.

Legendary Argentinian football player, whose talent Milei immensely enjoyed, but ultimately ranks Messi as superior.

A book by Ludwig von Mises that Milei references for condemning the lack of private property and prices, leading to resource misallocation.

A contemporary Spanish economist of the Austrian School whose works have been influential on Milei's ideas of freedom.

A book by Carl Menger mentioned by Milei as 'truly eye-opening' and a significant influence leading him to question his previous economic thinking.

American economist who contributed significantly to contestable markets theory, mentioned for his understanding of competition.

Austrian economist and founder of the Austrian School of economics, whose book 'Principles of Political Economy' was a profound influence on Milei.

A Spanish economist, also linked to the Austrian School, among those whose writings inspired Milei.

German economist of the Austrian School, cited by Milei as an inspirational figure.

A libertarian political philosophy that advocates for achieving a society of voluntary interaction through counter-economics. Milei criticizes some who advocate for it without being willing to face the consequences.

A seminal book by Ludwig von Mises that Javier Milei read, describing it as a 'true revolution' in his thinking, leading him to intensively study Austrian economics.

American economist and a prominent figure in the Austrian School of economics, whose understanding of competition Milei recommends.

A quote from this book is referenced by Milei, stating that victory in battle 'doesn't depend on the size of the army but on the forces of Heaven', reflecting his faith and the victory of the Jewish people.

American philosopher, whose work on minarchism is cited as fitting philosopically into that category.

Argentinian economist and intellectual, whose definition of liberalism Milei uses as his foundational concept.

Argentinian economist working at the Federal Reserve, whose recent work demonstrates that Milei's fiscal reforms could double Argentina's GDP per capita in 10 years.

American singer and "King of Rock and Roll", whom Milei identifies as the 'most amazing rock singer in history of mankind'.

An American economist of the Austrian School who Malay cites as a key influence. His article 'Monopoly and Competition' significantly altered Malay's understanding of market structure.

An American anarcho-capitalist economist and author associated with the Austrian School, mentioned by Milei as inspirational.

Political movement in Argentina, described negatively by Milei, who states they would have organized lootings and attempted to oust him if he hadn't implemented his reforms immediately.

A book by Roger Garrison, which was the only Austrian School text Milei had read previously, and which he later realized was 'rather poor' compared to deeper works.

Italian Marxist philosopher, whose ideas were used by socialists at the São Paulo Forum to design a strategy for cultural infiltration after the fall of the Berlin Wall.

An American economist of the Austrian School, author of 'Money and Time', which Milei initially read.

Milei mentions him as a key figure whose works, specifically his definition of liberalism, provided a foundation for his ideas of freedom.

Italian composer, whose arias, like 'O Mio Babbino Caro' (from Gianni Schicchi) and 'Nessun Dorma' (from Turandot), are cited by Milei as examples of human creations that vibrate closer to God.