171- Longevity science: caloric restriction studies, aging biomarkers & possible longevity molecules

A researcher involved in both the NIA and University of Wisconsin primate caloric restriction studies.

A researcher who demonstrated that fasting for a few days significantly improved recovery from lethal injuries in mice.

An immunologist who extensively studied caloric restriction in mice and was a participant in the Biosphere 2 experiment.

A famous American novelist, mentioned by Steve as his literary aspiration during his college years.

Conducted an analysis that equated the diet of the Wisconsin monkeys to human fast food consumption.

Another researcher who followed up on caloric restriction in rats, interested in understanding the mechanisms of aging.

Host of The Drive podcast and interviewee's friend, who introduces the guest and guides the discussion on longevity science.

An actress whom Steve had a crush on as a child; he ended up living in her house while working as a lion trainer.

A nutritionist at Cornell who conducted pioneering dietary restriction experiments in the 1930s, discovering that feeding animals less made them live longer.

A researcher known for his strong advocacy of Metformin's benefits, even for healthy individuals, which differs from Steve's more skeptical view.

A genetic condition in men with XXY chromosomes, mentioned in the context of X-chromosome redundancy and its potential impact on longevity.

A neurodegenerative disease, noted as the only major cause of death where women do not die at a lower rate than men, leading to a hypothesis about an autoimmune component.

A genetic condition in women with only one X chromosome (XO), noted for definitively shorter lifespans, supporting the idea of X-chromosome benefits.

The U.S. regulatory body that makes it challenging to conduct trials with longevity drugs in healthy people due to safety concerns for long-term use.

Proposed funding for a clinical trial to look at Rapamycin as a preventative for kidney cancer recurrence, but the funding was unsuccessful.

A long-running research project in East Africa that had just ended when Steve went to graduate school, hoping to study lions there.

One of the three institutions involved in the CALERIE studies, which published results in the later phase.

One of the three institutions involved in the CALERIE studies.

The institution where Clive McCay conducted his early, landmark caloric restriction experiments.

One of two groups that conducted the largest and most expensive longevity experiments on rhesus macaques, focusing on caloric restriction.

One of the three institutions involved in the CALERIE studies.

A group of individuals who practice extreme caloric restriction inspired by rodent studies, often called 'cronies'.

The university where Steve did his undergraduate studies and played soccer.

Steve's first faculty position after his postdoc, where he began his aging research career.

One of two groups that conducted the largest and most expensive longevity experiments on rhesus macaques, focusing on caloric restriction.

Two human studies on caloric restriction, one short-term (6 months) and one longer-term (2 years), that showed people struggled to achieve high levels of restriction consistently.

An FDA-approved drug identified as having the most potential for geroprotection based on mouse data, especially in sex-specific and dose-dependent ways.

An SGLT2 inhibitor tested in the ITP, suggesting its benefits on longevity might be related to glucose kinetics rather than caloric intake.

A molecule that has shown unbelievable success in male mice in the ITP, but is not FDA approved for longevity.

An FDA-approved drug identified as having the most potential for geroprotection based on human data, despite weak mouse data.

A Rapamycin analog that has been tested in humans for enhancing vaccine response to influenza, showing promise at lower doses with fewer side effects.

A class of drugs showing remarkable human data on kidney failure, all-cause mortality, and heart failure, with potential benefits in longevity that may not be solely due to caloric reduction.

The city Steve moved to after college to gain life experiences for novel writing, working as a taxi driver in the mid-1970s.

Location of a compound north of Los Angeles where Steve was injured by a lion, prompting him to reassess his career.

The place where Steve got a job as a lion trainer for a movie crew, which he found less interesting than the animals themselves.

An island off the coast of Georgia where Steve studied opossums in a low-predator environment.

Mentioned as an example of how dangerous New York City was in the 1970s, where one could get robbed in daylight.

Described as a dangerous area in New York City in the 1970s where many cab drivers refused fares.

The city Steve moved back to after his taxi driving years and before his Hollywood animal training career.

A film starring Tippi Hedren, which Steve saw as a child and developed a crush on the actress.

An alpha-glucosidase inhibitor tested in the ITP, suggesting its benefits on longevity might be related to glucose kinetics rather than caloric intake.

Mentioned as potential longevity molecules, but the guest expresses that it's too early to tell their efficacy.

A gene that when suppressed can have multiple health benefits, which can also be achieved through fasting periods.